| 摘要: | 俄羅斯民間月曆研究-從具有時令意義的基督教聖人名字談起 民間月曆是先民經驗法則的智慧結晶以及對時間意識的體認。俄國民間月曆就內容而 言，是以諺語、氣候徵兆、禁忌囑咐等簡短文字，記錄歲時民俗、農耕時節、勞動技術 以及大自然的變化，就其結構及形式而言，乃接受自教會正統月曆的時間單位（年、月、 日、節日、紀念日），主要的命名原則乃是選擇一位基督教聖人的名字作為時令的名稱， 例如：在教會月曆上5月18日紀念「偉大殉道者伊莉娜」，而民間月曆則把這天叫作「插 苗姑娘伊琳娜」，這天開始是婦女為高麗菜栽苗的日子。原本人名「伊琳娜」與所指物 的關係逐漸疏離，而得到了來自月曆的新語義－5月 18日，隨著時間累積，「伊琳娜」 在民間逐漸被淡忘其與聖人的關係，也不記得其篤信基督的事蹟或苦行修道的背景，而 與這個春天日子的物候現象、民間神話傳說、禁忌儀式等等有了更直接的聯想。本論文 以語言學中人名學的角度，探討民間月曆中聖人名字在轉換成時令名稱後，在語義、詞 彙、語法、語音等方面的轉變。
A Study on the Russian Folk Calendar－ the Christian Saint Names and the Specific Dates They Are Associated with A folk calendar is devised based empiricism. As far as naming is concerned, the names of the time cycles of the Russian folk calendar have derived from the proverbs, climates, and mystic rites which record customs, agricultural events, labor technologies and changes of Nature. The Russian folk calendar accepts the times of the traditional calendar of the Church in terms of structure and form, such as year, month, day and memorial days. The principle of the name day is to select a Christian saint’s name as a special day in a season. For instance, in the calendar of the Church, May 18 is celebrated in memory of the Christian martyr Irena. However, this very day became known as “Irina, the girl who transplants cabbage seedlings” in the folk calendar tradition. Women begin cabbage seedling on this specific date. The name Irina gradually lost the original meaning it denotes and is now associated with the date May 18. As time went by, the connection between the name Irina and Christianity was gradually forgotten. People no longer remembered Irina as a Christian ascetic. Rather, Irina is often associated with a spring day, a folk legend, and a rite. The present paper sets out to investigate the changes of meanings, phrases, syntaxes and sounds of Christian saint names after being adopted by the folk calendar to represent time cycles of the seasons. |
