| Abstract: | 關於幸福與快樂一直都是人們想探討的議題，回顧目前關於幸福與快樂的學術研究，大致上可分為主觀幸福感與客觀幸福感兩大方向。在主觀幸福感方面，大多偏向於如何找尋以及測量幸福指標，但仍然有一些問題存在，譬如：主觀幸福感測量指標有待整合、或是無法解決因文化差異對幸福感量測的跨國比較等等問題。另一方面，亦有學者提出應納入客觀的統計指標，譬如：利用生活品質滿意度來反映居民的生活條件、衛生、安全或是健康狀況。但統計指標資料很難反映出一些情況，如對家庭婚姻的滿意度或是對社會環境的滿意度等等問題。
然而，亦有學者認為幸福與快樂應該從心理學角度來檢視，此觀點也給本研究另一個思考，即嘗試整合主觀及客觀兩方面的觀點之外，加入心理層面之「人格特質」的影響因素，探討「主觀幸福感」、「客觀幸福感」與「國民幸福感」之間的關聯性，進而提出符合台灣人民的國民幸福感之關係模式。
本研究使用中央研究院社會科學研究所釋出的「2009台灣社會意向調查」資料庫，以台灣人民做為研究對象，而實證結果顯示：本研究中所提出之「國民幸福感」關係模式於各項衡量指標上皆具有不錯的適配度。在主構面的關係模式中，「客觀幸福感」會正向影響「主觀幸福感」，且「主觀幸福感」與「客觀幸福感」對於「國民幸福感」皆具有正向的影響效果。此外，本研究亦發現，「人口統計變項」中的「平均月收入」對關係模式有調節效果，而其他「人口統計變項」，如「性別」、「年齡」、「教育程度」、「就業狀況」、「婚姻狀況」以及「宗教信仰」上對於本研究之關係模式亦具有恆等性，顯示本研究之模式具有穩定效度與跨群組效度。
The issue of happiness has always been that people want to discuss it. Review of current academic research on happiness can be broadly divided into subjective well-being and objective well-being two directions. In terms of subjective well-being, most tend to look for and how to measure the happiness index. But there are still some problems, such as the measurement of subjective well-being indicators to be integrated, or it’s unable to resolve the cross-country comparisons of happiness measurement problems due to cultural differences, etc.
On the other hand, some scholars have proposed should be included in an objective statistical indicators, such as the use of quality of life satisfaction to reflect living conditions, health, safety or health of residents. But statistical indicators reflect some difficult situations, such as marriage satisfaction, family satisfaction or social environment satisfaction. In addition, some scholars think that happiness should come from a psychological point of view. It’s a new idea to join this study. We tries to integrate both subjective and objective viewpoints outside, import of personality traits influence psychological factors discussed.
In this study, we use the data”2009 Social Intentions Survey” and propose a causal model that linking three factors： subjective well-being, objective well-being and national happiness. According to results, we know that： (1) The causal model has goodness of fits and explanatory abilities. (2) Objective well-being positively affected subjective well-being. (3) Objective well-being positively affected national happiness. (4) Subjective well-being positively affected national happiness. (5) A moderating effect of monthly income exists on the causal model. (6)Statistically significant were found between gender, age, education level, occupation, marital status, religion on the causal model. It’s show that the causal model has stability and multi-group invariance. |
