馬來西亞政黨政治發展之研究(1990-2013)

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Title:	馬來西亞政黨政治發展之研究(1990-2013)
Other Titles:	The development of party politics in Malaysia (1990-2013)
Authors:	蘇正豪;Su, Jeng-Hao
Contributors:	淡江大學亞洲研究所碩士班林若雩
Keywords:	政治海嘯;國民陣線;人民聯盟;馬來西亞大選;兩線政治;political tsunami;Barisan Nasional;Pakatan Rakyat;Malaysian General Election;two-coalition politics
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2015-05-04 09:15:48 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2008 年3 月8 日，馬來西亞舉行第12 屆大選。反對黨「人民聯盟」 ( Pakatan Rakyat,PR，簡稱民聯 ) 在選舉中大有斬獲，長期執政的「國民陣線」 ( Barisan Nasional, BN，簡稱國陣 ) 遭遇從1974 年成立以來最大的挫敗，此現象被稱為政治海嘯 ( political tsunami )。這是自從1969 年大選以來，國陣第一次沒有贏得修憲所需的三分之二國會多數席次。在地方選舉方面，反對陣營贏得5 個州，分別是檳城 ( Pulau Pinang ) 、吉打 ( Kedah ) 、吉蘭丹 ( Kelandan ) 、雪蘭莪 ( Selangor ) 、霹靂 ( Perak ) 。2013 年5 月5日，馬來西亞舉行第13 屆大選。本次大選，國陣雖然保住政權，但反對黨卻獲得了全國過半數的選票。這是馬來西亞從1969 年5 月10 日舉行的第3 屆大選以來，反對黨的得票再次超過執政黨。在這兩次大選中，執政黨和反對黨兩個政黨聯盟的對抗正式成型。該模式稱為「兩線政治」 ( two-coalition politics )，這是馬來西亞政治發展的特色。這種政治情勢可以追溯到1990 年，所以本論文的討論重點是 1990 年到2013 年的馬來西亞政黨政治發展。本論文的研究發現這時期的馬來西亞政黨政治發展有一個趨勢：「兩線政治」的興起。而這個趨勢是受三個動力影響：一、中間人角色的重要性；二、社會運動的興起；三、網路媒體的運用。 The 2008 Malaysian general election was held on March 8, 2008. Pakatan Rakyat made significant gains at the federal level and won five states in local level. Barisan Nasional was defeated since 1974.This situation is called Political Tsunami. Barisan Nasional did not get two-thirds majority in the federalparliament first time since 1969. Pakatan Rakyat won five states in local election, including Pulau Pinang,Kedah, Kelandan , Selangor, Perak . The 2013 Malaysian general election was held on May 5, 2013. Even though Barisan Nasional still won the election , Pakatan Rakyat gained the half of the votes. The opposition gained the half of the votes once again since 1969. In recent elections, two-coalition politics appeared. It is the characteristics of the politics of Malaysia. This situation can dated from 1990. This thesis will discuss the development of party politics in Malaysia during 1990-2013. There is one trend of party politics in Malaysia during this period : The rise of two-coalition politics. It is powered by three factors : 1. The importance of the middleman. 2. The rise of social movements. 3. The use of the internet media.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Asian Studies] Thesis

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