| 摘要: | 本論文探討美國反對歐盟解除對中國武器禁運之原因，並分析解禁之爭對美歐關係所形成之影響。
1989年天安門事件爆發，美國即刻立法施行對中國之武器禁運，歐盟(當時為歐洲共同體)隨後跟進。不同的是，歐盟對中國之武禁制裁僅止於「政治性聲明」，對歐盟會員國並無法律拘束力，各會員國仍依照國內的法規與程序裁定對中國之武器輸出。
2003年，法國與德國率先提議解禁，美國堅決反對，表示中國人權未見改善，不得貿然解除武禁；而且，解禁將使中國獲得先進武器與技術，改變台海地區的權力平衡，並危及美國在東亞地區的安全利益。2005年，歐盟即將宣布解禁之際，中國通過《反分裂國家法》，表示將針對台灣任何形式的獨立行為，採取非和平手段，歐盟於是中止解禁決議。解禁決議的中止，加上美國強烈反對，導致解禁議題至今仍然無解。
中國經貿實力強大，軍事現代化速度驚人，加上對先進軍事技術的強烈渴求，使美國戒慎恐懼。美國與歐盟對民主與人權之理念相近，擁有軍事同盟關係，經貿方面亦有高度互賴，然而，美國與歐盟面對中國崛起之態度大不相同，雙方為武禁議題爭論已久，因此，除了分析美國反對歐盟解禁之動機，筆者另外探討的問題，則是武禁之爭對美歐關係之影響。
This thesis aims to discuss US objection to EU’s lifting of arms embargo against China, and to analyze this arms embargo issue’s impact on US-EU relations.
1989, massacre in Tiananmen Square erupted, the US immediately imposed legislative sanctions on arms exports to China, and the European Union(the European Community at hat time) followed on. However, the EU’s arms embargo on China was merely a “political declaration”, which was not legally binding to EU’s member states, and each country still obeyed its own rules and procedures dealing with the sanction against China.
2003, France and Germany initiated the proposal for the lifting of arms embargo against China. The US objected firmly due to the unimproved human rights record in China; besides, China might gain access to advanced weapons and technology from Europe, which will change Cross-Strait’s balance of power, and further endanger US security benefit in East Asia.
2005, as the EU were about to lift the arms embargo, China passed “Anti-Secession Law”, indicating its will to execute non-peaceful measures if Taiwan acts in any forms of independence, which led to the suspension of the lifting of arms embargo.
China’s burgeoning economy, high speed of military modernization, and desire for advanced military technology has place the US on alert. The US and the EU share the idea of democracy and human rights and are militarily aligned, and are heavily interdependent on economy as well; however, they perceive different views about China’s rise and have long disputed on arms embargo; therefore, the US’s motives for objecting the lifting of arms embargo, and the issue’s impact on US-EU relations, will be articulated in this thesis. |
