DSpace community: 智慧照護產業學研究所

Integrating Self-Talk and Wearable Technology to Enhance Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Muscle Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Mon, 23 Mar 2026 04:06:40 GMT

title: Integrating Self-Talk and Wearable Technology to Enhance Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Muscle Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial abstract: Wearable activity trackers with progressive goal-setting features can significantly increase physical activity, muscle strength, and skeletal muscle index while reducing sedentary time and BMI (Ho, Peng, Liao, & Yen, 2024); multicomponent interventions that combine physical activity, technology support (e.g., activity monitors), and nutrition counseling likewise reduce the incidence of mobility disability and attenuate long-term declines in muscle strength and mass (Bernabei et al., 2022; Billot et al., 2020). However, most interventions prioritize physical outcomes and seldom incorporate comprehensive behavior-change techniques or address psychological barriers to sustained activity (Ho et al., 2024); short-term adherence is typically higher, whereas long-term engagement requires tackling motivation, self-efficacy, and social support (Wu et al., 2025). This study aims to examine the synergistic effect of combining a self-talk strategy with wearable technology to enhance exercise motivation, self-efficacy, and muscle function in older adults. Sixty community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years were randomized to one of three arms: (1) combined intervention (self-talk + wearable), (2) wearable-only, or (3) control (no intervention). Over 12 weeks, participants completed a smartwatch-tracked structured walking program (100 steps/min, 30 min, 3×/week); the combined group additionally received weekly self-talk training using motivational and instructional scripts. Outcomes included an exercise motivation scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, ASMI (InBody 370S), handgrip strength (Jamar), and the five-times sit-to-stand test (5×STS). Preliminary analyses indicate that the combined group achieved greater improvements in motivation, self-efficacy, muscle mass, and functional performance than the other groups, along with larger increases in daily step counts and energy expenditure; correlation analyses suggest that self-efficacy may be a potential mediator linking physical activity to muscle health. In sum, integrating cognitive strategies with digital monitoring can enhance the effectiveness of physical interventions in older adults and offers a scalable model for promoting healthy aging and preventing sarcopenia; future programs should systematically incorporate behavior-change techniques and psychological support to improve long-term adherence and health outcomes.

The Application of Self-Talk in Enhancing Throwing Performance: The Moderating Role of Player Position in Baseball

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:40 GMT

title: The Application of Self-Talk in Enhancing Throwing Performance: The Moderating Role of Player Position in Baseball abstract: Introduction: Baseball is a competitive team sport in which athletes must possess not only tactical awareness, physical conditioning, and technical skills, but also psychological competencies that play a crucial role in on-field performance. In competitive situations, players are required to demonstrate focused attention and effective control of power to cope with the high-pressure and fast-paced nature of the game. In recent years, self-talk has been recognized as an effective psychological skill in sport, capable of enhancing attentional direction, motivation, and performance-related focus by modulating an individual’s internal dialogue. This enables athletes to concentrate more effectively on task-relevant cues. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of different self-talk strategies on throwing performance among elite baseball players across various fielding positions. Methods: We sampled 44 players (average age 19.76 ± 1.10 years) of a college baseball team in Taichung City and assigned them to three self-talk situations. Further, we measured their baseball throwing accuracy and distance. We used 3 (self-talk type)  2 (pitchers and fielders) mixed design ANOVA to analyze the raw data. Results: We found there is no difference in baseball throwing distance but there is a significant difference in throwing accuracy. A Post hoc comparison found motivational and instruction self-talk had better effects than irrelevant conversations. Moreover, the pitchers performed better than fielders in distance throwing. Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of self-talk can improve throwing accuracy for college baseball players. Given that prior studies incorporating self-efficacy assessments in the context of self-talk have primarily focused on novice athletes and considering that the participants in this study are elite collegiate baseball players, it is recommended that athletes incorporate self-talk strategies to facilitate training in throwing and pitching control.

Integrating Self-Talk and Wearable Technology to Enhance Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Muscle Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:40 GMT

Effectiveness and application of blocked and random practice in motor skill learning among special needs populations

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:38 GMT

title: Effectiveness and application of blocked and random practice in motor skill learning among special needs populations abstract: Background: Motor skill learning among individuals with special needs—particularly those with cerebral palsy (CP)—remains an underexplored yet critical area within the field of adapted physical activity. While blocked and random practice schedules have been extensively studied in the general population, their differential effects on individuals with physical and intellectual disabilities remain insufficiently understood. This study addresses the following research question: In Boccia throwing, how do blocked versus random practice schedules affect acquisition, immediate retention, and delayed retention (4-week) outcomes after an 8-week intervention in two populations—individuals with disabilities and healthy adults? The hypotheses is Practice Schedule (blocked vs. random) × Group (healthy adults vs. individuals with disabilities) × Time interaction on Boccia throwing accuracy (lower AE and VE indicate better performance). Methods: To answer the question, a longitudinal design will be adopted. Participants will be stratified based on functional motor classification and randomly assigned to either blocked or random practice conditions. The intervention will consist of two 30-minute sessions per week for eight weeks. Performance accuracy will be assessed at three time points: post-acquisition, immediate retention, and delayed retention (four weeks post-training). The expected findings that individuals with disabilities will demonstrate superior learning performance in the blocked practice group, while healthy adults will benefit more from random practice in terms of skill retention and performance consistency. Contributions: This research seeks to inform the optimization of evidence-based training strategies in Paralympic sports and adapted physical education. Ultimately, the results will provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for coaches, therapists, and physical educators working with individuals with special needs. The study is scheduled as follows: participant recruitment and group assignment will begin in January 2026; the intervention and data collection will be conducted from March to June; data analysis and preparation of the research report will take place in July to August; a conference presentation is planned for September; and manuscript drafting and journal submission will occur from October to December.

Effects of listening to music on pre-match state anxiety in tennis players

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:36 GMT

title: Effects of listening to music on pre-match state anxiety in tennis players abstract: Introduction: As the technical and physical disparities among competitive tennis players narrow, the greatest potential for enhancing performance lies in strengthening psychological competitive abilities (e.g., stress and emotion management). Music is increasingly utilized in sports settings (e.g., pre-game warm-ups) as a tool to adjust mental state, boost morale, create an active atmosphere, and help athletes maintain focus. While general research exists, there is a need for further empirical studies focusing specifically on the effects of self-selected music on tennis players in a real competitive setting, linking the intervention to both pre-match state anxiety and actual sports performance. The primary objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the influence of listening to music on the pre-match state anxiety (including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence) and the final match performance scores of competitive tennis players.

Integrating self-talk and wearable technology to enhance motivation, self-efficacy, and muscle function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:35 GMT

title: Integrating self-talk and wearable technology to enhance motivation, self-efficacy, and muscle function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. abstract: Introduction: With the accelerating global aging trend, maintaining adequate physical activity and muscle strength has become essential for preventing sarcopenia and functional decline. Traditional interventions primarily emphasize physiological exercise prescriptions, yet often overlook psychological barriers such as low motivation and insufficient self-efficacy that restrict long-term adherence among older adults. This study aims to evaluate the synergistic effects of integrating a self-talk strategy with wearable technology on enhancing exercise motivation, self-efficacy, and muscle function over 12 weeks, and to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy between behavioral changes and physiological improvements.

The Application of Self-Talk in Enhancing Throwing Performance: The Moderating Role of Player Position in Baseball

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:35 GMT

The Application of Self-Talk in Enhancing Throwing Performance: The Moderating Role of Player Position in Baseball

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:34 GMT

Effectiveness and application of blocked and random practice in motor skill learning among special needs populations.

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:32 GMT

title: Effectiveness and application of blocked and random practice in motor skill learning among special needs populations. abstract: Background: Motor skill learning among individuals with special needs—particularly those with cerebral palsy (CP)—remains an underexplored yet critical area within the field of adapted physical activity. While blocked and random practice schedules have been extensively studied in the general population, their differential effects on individuals with physical and intellectual disabilities remain insufficiently understood. This study addresses the following research question: In Boccia throwing, how do blocked versus random practice schedules affect acquisition, immediate retention, and delayed retention (4-week) outcomes after an 8-week intervention in two populations—individuals with disabilities and healthy adults? The hypotheses is Practice Schedule (blocked vs. random) × Group (healthy adults vs. individuals with disabilities) × Time interaction on Boccia throwing accuracy (lower AE and VE indicate better performance). Methods: To answer the question, a longitudinal design will be adopted. Participants will be stratified based on functional motor classification and randomly assigned to either blocked or random practice conditions. The intervention will consist of two 30-minute sessions per week for eight weeks. Performance accuracy will be assessed at three time points: post-acquisition, immediate retention, and delayed retention (four weeks post-training). The expected findings that individuals with disabilities will demonstrate superior learning performance in the blocked practice group, while healthy adults will benefit more from random practice in terms of skill retention and performance consistency. Contributions: This research seeks to inform the optimization of evidence-based training strategies in Paralympic sports and adapted physical education. Ultimately, the results will provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for coaches, therapists, and physical educators working with individuals with special needs. The study is scheduled as follows: participant recruitment and group assignment will begin in January 2026; the intervention and data collection will be conducted from March to June; data analysis and preparation of the research report will take place in July to August; a conference presentation is planned for September; and manuscript drafting and journal submission will occur from October to December.

Effectiveness and application of blocked and random practice in motor skill learning among special needs populations

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:07:31 GMT

Impact of wearable-assisted walking on sarcopenia and body composition in older adults

Tue, 10 Mar 2026 04:05:33 GMT

title: Impact of wearable-assisted walking on sarcopenia and body composition in older adults abstract: Background Physical inactivity constitutes a global public health challenge, particularly among older adults. This study investigates the impact of a wearable device-assisted walking program on body composition, muscle strength, and sarcopenia in this population. Methods Eighty healthy older adults (40 men and 40 women), aged 65 and above, were randomly assigned to either an intervention (experimental) group, which participated in a structured walking program utilizing wearable devices, or a non-intervention (control) group, which maintained their habitual activities. The walking program spanned 12 weeks. Key assessments included body composition analysis, handgrip strength measurement, the 5× sit-to-stand test, and the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Results The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in body composition and muscle strength. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) increased by 5.5% (95% CI: 4.2–6.8%), handgrip strength improved by 13.1% (95% CI: 10.6–15.6%, p < 0.05), and lower limb function improved by 10.5% (p < 0.05). ASMI proved to be an effective and accessible metric for sarcopenia assessment, demonstrating strong correlations with SMM, handgrip strength, and sit-to-stand performance. Conclusions Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, provide real-time feedback and enable tailored exercise recommendations, offering a practical and personalized strategy for mitigating sarcopenia. This study confirms that wearable-assisted walking programs effectively improve muscle health and functional performance in older adults, reinforcing their potential for promoting healthy aging.

Associations of physical fitness with sustained overt attention and academic performance in children with learning disabilities

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 04:05:26 GMT

title: Associations of physical fitness with sustained overt attention and academic performance in children with learning disabilities abstract: Physical fitness has consistently been linked to cognitive and academic performance, with sustained attention recognized as a key predictor of academic success (Huang et al., 2020). However, few studies have explored whether sustained attention moderate the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance in children with learning disabilities (LDs), and existing findings remain inconclusive due to certain limitations. This study investigated the moderating role of sustained attention in the association between physical fitness and academic performance among children with LDs while also addressing the related limitations. This study enrolled 71 elementary school children with learning disabilities (33 girls, mean age = 11.03 years ± 0.82), who participated in the assessment of physical fitness. Additionally, sustained attention was measured using the DAUF Sustained Attention Test from the Vienna Testing System, while Academic performance was assessed using Chinese language and mathematics tests" as recommended. Bivariate analyses showed that academic performance was, as a dependent variable, significantly and positively related to physical fitness (r = .22 & .24, p < .05) and significantly negatively related to DAUF sustained attention (r = - .51 & - .43, p < .01) in children with LDs. Additionally, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sustained attention moderated the association between physical fitness, Chinese language (β = -4.03, p < .05), and mathematics (β = -5.00, p < .01) after controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics. These findings have major implications for child development, emphasizing the key role of physical fitness in the beneficial effects of sustained attention on academic achievement.

生成式人工智慧輔助適應體育課程提升學生自主學習

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 04:05:17 GMT

title: 生成式人工智慧輔助適應體育課程提升學生自主學習 abstract: 身心障礙學生在體育學習中常因認知困難、動作表現限制與自我效能不足而影響參與度，為改善此困境，本研究旨在結合生成式人工智慧（artificial intelligence, AI）鷹架與ARCS（attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction）動機模式的教學策略，探討適應體育課程的應用成效，以及學生自主學習能力與學習動機之影響。以8名大學生為對象（男3人、女5人，年齡18～24歲），研究採用混合研究法，量化部分以兩種量表測驗，質性部分透過學生反思文本分析AI介入後的學習變化，檢驗學習構面與動機指標之相關性。研究結果顯示，學生在目標設定、自我規劃與滿足感構面上均有正向成長，並發現「專注力」與「自信心」呈現高度正相關，顯示AI能在學習動機歷程中提供潛在支持。本研究認為，若AI教學介入未搭配適切的教師引導與後設認知鷹架，學生可能出現對AI工具的依賴，導致學習動機下降與自我調節受限。建議未來研究應擴大樣本數、延長課程介入期，並設計更完善的AI人機協作架構與評估機制，以推動適應體育教學的永續發展與精緻化。

以SPLISS 模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 04:05:25 GMT

title: 以SPLISS 模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來 abstract: 隨著自由民主的時代演進，重視人權的理念與制度逐漸成為普世價值，處於相對弱勢的身心障礙族群，其追求健康與運動的權利越來越受到先進國家與社會的關注，而推動與發展帕拉運動即是倡議生存、自由、尊重、平等的最佳證明。儘管臺灣在推展帕拉運動已有近四十年的歷史，但如何與國家競技運動的政策方向與管理制度相互配合，甚至建構屬於身心障礙族群的帕拉運動系統，有賴借鏡世界上在帕拉運動取得成就的國家。本文探討在De Bosscher等（2006）提出的「國際運動成功之運動政策因素」（Sport Policies Leading to International Sporting Success framework, SPLISS）模式，探討該模式對各政策面向的定義與相互關係，分析世界各國競技運動政策的實例，進而探究SPLISS模式在帕拉運動中的獨特性，及指出臺灣帕拉運動的發展現況與挑戰，為回應這些挑戰，結合SPLISS模式對帕拉運動政策的分析，本研究提出七項建議：臺灣應增加帕拉運動經費支持的多元化，整合國內與帕拉運動相關的體育行政單位，建構完善的帕拉運動選才與培訓制度，提供帕拉運動員訓練、參賽與退役後的各種必要支持，積極參與或申辦國際帕拉運動賽事，提升運動教練與技術人員對帕拉運動的專業知能，並鼓勵帕拉運動科學研究，以建構一個適合臺灣國情的高效能帕拉運動系統，並成為引領國際體育運動成功的政策模式。

Dynamic Analysis of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Performance During Take-Offs and Landings in High-Wall Climbing: Effects of a Plyometric and Strength Training Intervention

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 04:05:18 GMT

title: Dynamic Analysis of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Performance During Take-Offs and Landings in High-Wall Climbing: Effects of a Plyometric and Strength Training Intervention abstract: This study used a 12-week plyometric and strength training program as an intervention to improve upper- and lower-extremity muscle strength for jumping and landing when climbing high walls. Sixty general non-athlete male college students were openly recruited and divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a plyometric and strength training program twice a week for 12 weeks (24 sessions). The intervention was divided into three phases, each lasting four weeks, with the training intensity gradually increasing in each phase. A hand grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength, and a PASCO double-track force plate was used to assess upper-extremity push-up force and lower-extremity take-off and landing strength. The results of the 12-week intervention showed that the experimental group experienced significant increases in grip strength (both hands), hand-ground reaction force, and upper-extremity hang time. Additionally, the time of upper-extremity action on the force plate decreased. Lower-extremity take-off strength improved, as reflected in increased ground reaction force, rate of force development, and passage time. Upon landing, ground reaction force decreased by 3.2%, and cushioning time shortened by 52.7%. This study concludes that plyometric and strength training have promising effects in enhancing upper- and lower-extremity strength, particularly in climbing and landing tasks.

The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Athletes

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 04:05:16 GMT

title: The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Athletes abstract: Recent studies have shown that lower-limb plyometric training can effectively enhance muscle strength and explosiveness, which are particularly important for improving jumping ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on vertical, lateral, and horizontal jumping abilities, and their subsequent impact on basketball shooting performance and sports injury prevention. A quasi-experimental design was used, recruiting 30 male college-level basketball players from Taiwan, who were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Both groups participated in 2 h of basketball training daily, while the experimental group additionally engaged in plyometric training twice a week. The results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group in several key areas, including rate of force development (RFD), ground reaction force (GRF), jump height, jump distance, and both horizontal and vertical forces, across vertical, lateral, and horizontal jumps. Specifically, vertical jumps required the highest ground reaction force, followed by lateral jumps, with horizontal (step-back) jumps requiring the least. The optimal angles for the resultant force during take-off were found to be between 66.1° and 66.8° for lateral jumps, and between 56.2° and 57.2° for step-back jumps, while vertical jumps did not show significant variation in take-off angle. In terms of basketball performance, the experimental group demonstrated significantly better post-test results in all three types of jump shots, with the highest accuracy observed in the vertical jump shot, followed by the lateral jump shot, and the lowest in the step-back jump shot. Furthermore, the experimental group experienced a substantial reduction in sports injury rates, with the injury rate decreasing to 6%. These findings indicate that plyometric training not only enhances jumping performance, but also contributes to injury prevention by strengthening lower-limb muscles. This study provides a theoretical basis for coaches to develop comprehensive training programs that improve athletic performance and reduce injury risk.

結合視覺回饋與動作分析模式精進游泳學習成效之研究

Wed, 28 May 2025 04:05:37 GMT

title: 結合視覺回饋與動作分析模式精進游泳學習成效之研究 abstract: 目的：本研究在探討游泳課程中導入動作分析模式與視覺回饋訊息對於學習成效的影響。方法：採準實驗設計，以修習游泳初級班的學生為研究對象(N=55)，分為A、B兩班，兩班於不同時間上課，課程內容與進度相同，課程內容以捷泳與蛙泳為主。A班於前九週採傳統教學模式，B班介入動作分析模式；於後九週兩班交換。動作分析模式提供水下動作影像及分析的方法、提供動作檢核表作為學習鷹架，鼓勵學生自主學習與評價。另依技能前測成績區分為低技能組與高技能組，藉以比較動作分析模式在不同技能水準間的學習成效差異；蒐集認知測驗、學習概念圖、技能測驗、課程體驗量表進行分析。研究結果：一、認知測驗的前後測成績達顯著差異。二、前後測的學習概念圖轉化成語詞權重後發現，前5名的語詞沒有改變，但在第6至15名則有明顯不同，期末的概念偏向水域安全、公共衛生及泳池管理等課程內容。三、動作技能的學習成效不因介入動作分析的先後而有所差異，但游泳技能隨著學習階段的增加，得分越來越高。四、低技能組在各個階段的學習成效顯著高於高技能組。五、低技能組在接受動作分析模式的學習成效高於高技能組。六、在課程體驗量表的五個面向得分在4.202-4.611之間，學生對於介入動作分析模式的整體滿意度為4.909。結論：動作分析模式與傳統教學皆具學習成效，隨著學習累積而提升表現；動作分析模式在低技能組有顯著效益，有助於建構動作概念，在技能上可檢測錯誤動作，改善動作效能，是適合應用在初學游泳的教學策略。
description: 計畫編號：PGE1120252

感測波形在游泳划手頻率與動作分類的應用

Wed, 28 May 2025 04:05:33 GMT

title: 感測波形在游泳划手頻率與動作分類的應用 abstract: 動作頻率與動作穩定性是影響游泳動作表現的重要因子，過去經常以影像分析或動力學的方法來加以討論，但因設備需求較高且不易於平時訓練時使用，因此本計畫預計使用慣性感測器來偵測游泳選手的動作資訊，以分析感測波形的方式，來計算划手次數與動作頻率，並使用相關係數的概念提出演算過程來進行動作分類，藉此評估選手的動作穩定情形。本計畫預計提出以感測波形為基礎且具有彈性之計算划手次數及提升動作分類的演算過程，所提資料能夠適用於各層級的游泳者及各式泳姿，且摒除游泳時產生不規律之感測數據所造成誤判之問題，經實證後成為協助教練與選手提升競技成績的工具，未來也將可應用於其他序列性的運動項目上。
description: 計畫編號：MOST 105-2410-H-032-064

智能守護者-戶外休閒活動定位應用與通訊系統關鍵技術研發

Wed, 28 May 2025 04:05:30 GMT

title: 智能守護者-戶外休閒活動定位應用與通訊系統關鍵技術研發 abstract: 本計劃旨在導入LoRa通訊技術與GPS衛星定位系統於運動手錶中，應用於戶外休閒活動參與者，提升運動產業科技應用成效及戶外活動安全性。方法：本計劃分三階段進行：首先，建置LoRa通訊平台與GPS衛星定位系統的軟硬體條件，包括購置科技裝置、建置資料庫及串聯資料表單。接著，分析戶外休閒活動客群資料，設計精準配套定位系統，並測試不同行銷策略，收集回饋後微調。最後，推出智能守護者手錶服務，並進行產品實證，定期報告並調整產品數目和內容。結果：本計畫產出的智能守護者具有下列特點：(1) 精準掌握戶外活動參與者位置；(2) 全雙工語音通訊對講，讓登山者在無訊號區域與隊友或外界通話；(3) 通訊距離無限制，構成網狀智能網絡，隨時掌握聯繫資訊；(4) 輔助救援單位監控成效，降低戶外活動危險性。結論：智能守護者運動手錶將促進運動產業與科技結合，提供安全的運動環境，減少戶外休閒活動危險性，打造友善且安全的戶外運動環境，並在學術知識與產業實務層面提供具體貢獻，深化運動產業實質效益。
description: 計畫編號：NSTC112-2622-8032-002-SP

以SPLISS模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 04:05:15 GMT

title: 以SPLISS模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來 abstract: 隨著自由民主的時代演進，重視人權的理念與制度逐漸成為普世價值，處於相對弱勢的身心障礙族群，其追求健康與運動的權利越來越受到先進國家與社會的關注，而推動與發展帕拉運動即是倡議生存、自由、尊重、平等的最佳證明。儘管臺灣在推展帕拉運動已有近四十年的歷史，但如何與國家競技運動的政策方向與管理制度相互配合，甚至建構屬於身心障礙族群的帕拉運動系統，有賴借鏡世界上在帕拉運動取得成就的國家。本文探討在De Bosscher等（2006）提出的「國際運動成功之運動政策因素」（Sport Policies Leading to International Sporting Success framework, SPLISS）模式，探討該模式對各政策面向的定義與相互關係，分析世界各國競技運動政策的實例，進而探究SPLISS模式在帕拉運動中的獨特性，及指出臺灣帕拉運動的發展現況與挑戰，為回應這些挑戰，結合SPLISS模式對帕拉運動政策的分析，本研究提出七項建議：臺灣應增加帕拉運動經費支持的多元化，整合國內與帕拉運動相關的體育行政單位，建構完善的帕拉運動選才與培訓制度，提供帕拉運動員訓練、參賽與退役後的各種必要支持，積極參與或申辦國際帕拉運動賽事，提升運動教練與技術人員對帕拉運動的專業知能，並鼓勵帕拉運動科學研究，以建構一個適合臺灣國情的高效能帕拉運動系統，並成為引領國際體育運動成功的政策模式。

金融交易策略網路平台系統

Tue, 22 Oct 2024 04:05:27 GMT

title: 金融交易策略網路平台系統 abstract: 本發明公開一種金融交易策略網路平台系統。策略平台建立模組建立金融策略網路平台。金融拼圖建構模組在金融策略網路平台上建構多個金融程式交易操作圖塊。策略拼圖拼接模組依據使用者的拖曳要求，以拖曳這些金融程式交易操作圖塊至金融策略網路平台上的拼圖組合區中相互拼接組合。金融策略編譯模組將在拼圖組合區中的各金融程式交易操作圖塊編譯程式碼，將所有程式碼編譯成金融交易程式。 A financial trading strategy network platform system is provided. A strategy platform establishing module establishes a financial strategy network platform. A financial puzzle constructing module constructs a plurality of financial program trading operation puzzle pieces on the financial strategy network platform. A strategy puzzle dragging module drags the financial program trading operation puzzle pieces to a puzzle combination region and splices the financial program trading operation puzzle pieces on the financial strategy network platform according to a drag request of a user. A financial strategy compilation module compiles codes of the financial program trading operation puzzle pieces in the puzzle combination region and generates a financial transaction program based on the codes.
description: 專利狀態：公告中

植入物醫材管理裝置

Tue, 22 Oct 2024 04:05:26 GMT

title: 植入物醫材管理裝置 abstract: 本新型係一種植入物醫材管理裝置，設置於一醫療院所內，其係包括：一帳戶管理模組，管理一使用者帳戶權限及帳戶設定，讓不同權限的使用者可以看到預定權限的模組內容；一基礎資料管理模組，管理每一項手術包含的資料，可讓一管理者進行手術資訊的編修；一供應商管理模組，該管理者針對一供應商資訊或一通訊資料進行編修；一醫材資料管理模組，該管理者針對各家供應商特別收費方式的一醫療器材進行設定；一手術紀錄模組，提供一手術室人員進行手術紀錄，以一掃描器讀取一植入物醫材之一醫材條碼；一倉儲管理模組，該使用者查詢庫存量並且進行盤點、要求補貨等對應一供應商發出/接收商品進出貨訊息；一資料連結模組，將該醫療院所之醫療資訊系統的一資料庫連接做資料交換；一報表模組，提供一人員進行特殊需求的統計及記錄查閱；一帳目資料管理模組，提供該管理者進行手術紀錄稽核；一第一醫材連通模組，比對一醫療器材資料雲端的資料，若發現該醫療器材雲端的資料有更新異動，將自動下載更新的一醫療器材資訊。
description: 專利證號：M526729

醫療用品識別系統

Tue, 22 Oct 2024 04:05:24 GMT

title: 醫療用品識別系統 abstract: 一種醫療用品識別系統，其可包含雲端計算裝置及條碼讀取機。雲端計算裝置可分析一醫療用品供應商之複數個醫療用品之條碼；其中，雲端計算裝置可將各個醫療用品之條碼之商品代號分為三部份，並可根據各個醫療用品之功能、類型及型號分別對此三部份產生第一邏輯規則、第二邏輯規則及第三邏輯規則。條碼讀取機可用於掃描目標醫療用品之條碼，並可傳送至雲端計算裝置。其中，雲端計算裝置可將目標醫療用品之條碼之商品代號分為三部份，並可根據第一邏輯規則、第二邏輯規則及第三邏輯規則判斷目標醫療用品之功能、類型及型號。
description: 專利證號：M563619

醫療器材管理櫃

Tue, 22 Oct 2024 04:05:20 GMT

title: 醫療器材管理櫃 abstract: 一種醫療器材管理櫃，其可用於放置至少一醫療用品，並可包含互動裝置、身份辨識裝置、安全鎖及條碼掃描器。互動裝置可透過網路與醫療院所之管理資料庫連接。身份辨識裝置可與互動裝置連接。安全鎖可與互動裝置連接，並可用於上鎖管理櫃。條碼掃描器可與互動裝置連接，並可用於讀取此醫療用品之條碼。當身份辨識裝置接收到第一使用者之第一身份辨識輸入訊號後，互動裝置可解鎖安全鎖，並可根據條碼掃描器讀取此醫療用品之條碼更新管理資料庫；若身份辨識裝置在管理資料庫更新後再次接收到第一身份辨識輸入訊號，互動裝置可鎖上安全鎖。
description: 專利證號：M564222

醫療資訊管理系統

Mon, 21 Oct 2024 04:06:01 GMT

title: 醫療資訊管理系統 abstract: 一種醫療資訊管理系統，其可包含第一雲端伺服器及第二雲端伺服器。第一雲端伺服器可由醫療院所之管理伺服器接收臨床醫療記錄，並可將臨床醫療記錄加密並切割為具有共同特徵值之複數個資料區塊，並可將該些資料區塊分別傳送至複數個存儲伺服器。第二雲端伺服器可由該些存儲伺服器接收該些資料區塊，並可根據共同特徵值解密並組合該些資料區塊以產生臨床醫療記錄，並可將臨床醫療記錄傳送至供應商之庫存伺服器。
description: 專利證號：M564223

植入物醫材管理裝置及方法

Mon, 21 Oct 2024 04:05:57 GMT

title: 植入物醫材管理裝置及方法 abstract: 本發明係一種植入物醫材管理裝置及方法，設置於一醫療院所內，其係包括：一帳戶管理模組，管理一使用者帳戶權限及帳戶設定，讓不同權限的使用者可以看到預定權限的模組內容；一基礎資料管理模組，管理每一項手術包含的資料，可讓一管理者進行手術資訊的編修；一供應商管理模組，該管理者針對一供應商資訊或一通訊資料進行編修；一醫材資料管理模組，該管理者針對各家供應商特別收費方式的一醫療器材進行設定；一手術紀錄模組，提供一手術室人員進行手術紀錄，以一掃描器讀取一植入物醫材之一醫材條碼；一倉儲管理模組，該使用者查詢庫存量並且進行盤點、要求補貨等對應一供應商發出/接收商品進出貨訊息；一資料連結模組，將該醫療院所之醫療資訊系統的一資料庫連接做資料交換；一報表模組，提供一人員進行特殊需求的統計及記錄查閱；一帳目資料管理模組，提供該管理者進行手術紀錄稽核；一第一醫材連通模組，比對一醫療器材資料雲端的資料，若發現該醫療器材雲端的資料有更新異動，將自動下載更新的一醫療器材資訊。
description: 專利證號：I632521

Integrating Unified Communications and Internet of M-Health Things with Micro Wireless Physiological Sensors

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 04:05:23 GMT

title: Integrating Unified Communications and Internet of M-Health Things with Micro Wireless Physiological Sensors abstract: This study establishes Unified Communications (UC) platform integrated with Internet of m-health Things (m-IoT) architecture, which can be applied to healthcare. Using micro wireless physiological sensors combined with smart mobile devices, that is able to implement patients immediate monitoring, first aid, tracking, analysis, diagnosis, alarm-triggering, locating and collaboration with medical healthcare. Converging data, voice, video, multimedia messaging elements into WBAN, WSN, WLAN, Internet, PSTN and Social Networks, which integrates vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, ECG, body temperature, posture, activity rate, GPS location, street scene and live background recording feedback into different heterogeneous platforms to make a seamless compatibility ubiquitous architecture, and thus it conducts correlation analysis, computing, statistics and comparison. In this communication architecture, it ensures that caregivers could monitor patients at anytime and anywhere through any communication tools, media, devices and platforms. Caregivers could instantly provide proper medical diagnosis or emergency medical care without limited to distance, space and time. This study improved the communication architecture of traditional mobile healthcare, monitoring methods and warning mechanisms, which also offers effective, real-time, multi-channel, group broadcasting and two way communication architecture to reduce cooperative medical care cost and enhance the effectiveness of communications services. Looking to introduce Unified Communications technologies for mobile healthcare in order to increase mobile medical service quality, and then open a wider range of applications and research breakthroughs.

多媒體行動裝置與障礙物型態引致穿越間隙之行動與知覺

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 01:42:57 GMT

title: 多媒體行動裝置與障礙物型態引致穿越間隙之行動與知覺 abstract: 穿越環境中的間隙是人類在移動中最常面臨的情境，維持清晰的偵查能力有助於準確知覺穿越間隙的可能性。然而，多媒體行動裝置除了帶來日常生活上的便利性之外，卻可能在不適當的使用情況下影響使用者的動作行為與安全。本研究立基於生態心理學觀點，旨在探討個體操作行動裝置的形式、障礙型態、分心活動、與認知負荷是否影響穿越間隙的知覺與動作表現。本研究招募84名實驗參與者，以隨機方式分派為6組實驗組與1組控制組，實驗組包含：（1）免持式接聽電話、自傳式回憶問題，（2）免持式接聽電話、回應算術問題，（3）手持式接聽電話、自傳式回憶問題，（4）持式接聽電話、回應算術問題，（5）以觸控螢幕傳輸簡訊、自傳式回憶問題，和（6）傳輸簡訊、回應算術問題，共六組。實驗過程中除了控制組之外，參與者皆被要求以指定的操作方式使用智慧型手機，並穿越由人或圓柱體兩種障礙物型態構成的間隙；臨界值會以最小可穿越間隙寬度和參與者肩寬計算獲得，並以三維動作擷取系統蒐集包含行走速度、轉肩角度、與安全限界等運動學參數，最後採用NASA-TLX量表主觀評估實驗工作的負荷。研究發現：一、障礙物型態會影響穿越間隙的環境賦使知覺，以及除了轉肩角度以外，各項穿越行為的指標，行動裝置的操作形式主要影響行走速度與轉肩出現的相對時間；二、穿越間隙的臨界值受操作形式-分心或障礙物型態的影響，通訊內容的認知負荷主要影響轉肩角度與工作負荷指數。

基於圖神經網路與大宇研磨行之多輪知識圖譜問答

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 01:36:43 GMT

title: 基於圖神經網路與大宇研磨行之多輪知識圖譜問答

目標設定介入對視障生身體活動量與運動自我效能之影響

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:06:15 GMT

title: 目標設定介入對視障生身體活動量與運動自我效能之影響 abstract: 目的：探討目標設定對視障生身體活動量與運動自我效能之影響。方法：以臺北市立某高中視障生20名為對象，分派為有目標設定組和無目標設定組各10人，進行為期12天的身體活動記錄。目標設定組的學生被要求每日進步至少10％的步數作為目標設定，無目標設定組則沒有任何目標。參與者的12日身體活動量以Yamax SW200電子計步器加以記錄，並在實驗結束後填寫運動自我效能量表，所得資料以獨立樣本t考驗和皮爾遜積差相關進行統計分析。結果：一、目標設定組的視障學生的12日身體活動量（M＝10996.68次）顯著高於無目標設定組（M＝7653.05次）。二、目標設定組的運動自我效能高於無目標設定組。三、目標設定組的身體活動量與運動自我效能有顯著正相關（r＝.76）。結論：目標設定的介入對視障生的身體活動量和運動自我效能具有提升效果，適當利用目標設定來促進視障生從事規律身體活動以及提升其參與運動的能力知覺是在適應體育課程中可以考慮使用的策略。

Predict the exercise behavior intention of the older adults in Taipei City to promote exercise behavior

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:06:12 GMT

title: Predict the exercise behavior intention of the older adults in Taipei City to promote exercise behavior abstract: The purpose of this study employed the theory of planned behavior as a research framework to analyze the explanatory power of exercise attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on exercise intention among older adults and to obtain insight on exercise behavior among older adults. The study used Ajzen's theory of planning behavior as a basis to compile the “Exercise Behavior Intention Questionnaire of the Older Adults.” Results showed that there were significant differences were detected in the exercise intentions of older adults with different subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This indicated that older adults of greater age have a greater need for companionship from family members and stronger subjective norms. In addition, exercise attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained the variance in exercise intention among older adults, verifying the positive explanatory power of these variables on exercise intention in older adults. The study concluded that the theory of planned behavior, improving older adults’ exercise attitude alone was insufficient for increasing their exercise behavior intention. In particular, older adults of greater age had greater needs for social support from the main groups, and they required encouragement to enhance their self-efficacy and confidence.

Interventions to Improve Physical Capability of Older Adults with Mild Disabilities: A Case Study

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:06:08 GMT

title: Interventions to Improve Physical Capability of Older Adults with Mild Disabilities: A Case Study abstract: Ageing is related to changes in physical health, including loss of mobility and muscle function. It can lead to impaired physical capability and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a physical activity rehabilitation program (PARP) could improve range of joint motion (ROM), grip strength, and gait speed of older adults with mild disabilities. Forty older adults in a long-term care center in Taiwan joined as human participants and were split into control and experimental groups. The participants in the experimental group joined a PARP for eight weeks. The ROM of bodily joints, grip strength, and gait speed of all participants were measured both before and after the eight-week period. The results showed that all the ROMs, grip strength, and gait speed of the participants in the experimental group increased significantly after attending the program. The improvement of the ROMs for male and female participants in the experimental group ranged from 3.8% to 71% and from 7.8% to 75%, respectively. Male participants had greater improvement on gait speed (50%) than their female counterparts (22.9%). Female participants, on the other hand, had greater improvement on grip strength (25.4%) than their male counterparts (20.3%). The ROM, grip strength, and gait speed of the control group, on the other hand, did not change significantly during the same period. The results showed that the PARP adopted in this study was effective in increasing the ROM, grip strength, and gait speed of those who had joined the PARP. This study shows that an eight-week PARP without the use of gym machines was beneficial in reducing sarcopenia in elderly people with mild disabilities.

競技運動情境中運動員的社會壓力來源與影響

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:06:05 GMT

title: 競技運動情境中運動員的社會壓力來源與影響 abstract: 本研究目的是以 Aneshensel 的社會壓力理論整體性觀點來檢視運動員在競技運動情境中面臨到的社會壓力來源、種類，以及反應。以 8 位具備選手身分，以及曾經有參與過大型賽事（例如：全運會、國際比賽等）為研究對象，利用半結構式訪談蒐集資料。研究結果發現：運動員社會壓力歷程包含社會階層、長期壓力源，以及社會壓力反應。社會階層包含教練、父母、隊友以及非重要他人；長期壓力源包含角色緊繃、社會地位不一致、利益分配；社會壓力反應包含認知、情意、行為反應。本研究結論：對運動員而言，在訓練或者比賽過程中，仍然面臨許多壓力，且可能容易造成運動表現的下滑、產生負面情緒，或者不適當的認知反應，這些現象值得各個訓練團隊重視的議題。

臺灣中小學舞蹈教育內涵與實踐之論述分析

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:06:02 GMT

title: 臺灣中小學舞蹈教育內涵與實踐之論述分析 abstract: 本研究旨在論述臺灣中小學舞蹈教育內涵與實踐及其現況，針對相關研究結果進行評析。經文獻發現舞蹈教育在學校體育課程中漸漸沒落，本文分別從兩個角度來論述分析：舞蹈教育之內涵；舞蹈教育在體育課中的實踐。亦即舞蹈教育在學校體育佔有重要知識傳遞，其次舞蹈教育課程主要是探索身體與肢體開發，進而培養創造力與美學。另外，根據現況分析，目前我國國中小階段舞蹈教育欠缺專業師資，以至舞蹈教育漸漸弱化。因此，本文建議未來可增進師培單位之舞蹈課程、修訂教師進修辦法、尋求社區及產官學合作，發展舞蹈普及教育之舞蹈欣賞教材，定期規劃舞蹈演出欣賞活動，以期舞蹈教育在學校體育課中落實與實踐。

Research on the Relationships Among the Gender Consciousness, Social Support, and Wellbeing in Taiwan College Female Athletes

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:05:58 GMT

title: Research on the Relationships Among the Gender Consciousness, Social Support, and Wellbeing in Taiwan College Female Athletes abstract: The purpose of this research was to understand the cognition of female college athletes on gender consciousness and social support, which will contribute to the wellbeing of college female athletes. The research recruited 332 female college athletes were recruited as research participants. This research compiled a questionnaire suitable for the research topic, including gender consciousness scale, social support scale, and wellbeing scale. Use structural equation modeling to analyze the correlation and influence of various variables. The results showed that their experience as an athlete were mostly 5 to 7 years. The correlation of female college athletes was highest between their peer support and goal of life (r = .58). The more support they received from their peers, the more they could affirm their life goals and wellbeing. The gender consciousness of college female athletes is significantly correlation to wellbeing (γ11 = .71), social support is significantly correlation to wellbeing (γ21 = .83), and gender consciousness has significant influence to social support (β21 = .57). In addition, the correlation between gender consciousness and stereotypes is the strongest λ = .78, the correlation between social support and peer support is the strongest λ = .91, and the correlation between wellbeing and self-identification is the strongest λ = .83. This study concluded that the existing sports environment provides opportunity for female athletes. Female college athletes have gender consciousness regarding self-assurance and stereotype, and they receive support from peers and family in sports groups. These are conducive to their performance and their sense of wellbeing in life.

Interventions to Improve Body Composition, Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Balance Ability of Older Female Adults: An Intervention Study

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:05:53 GMT

title: Interventions to Improve Body Composition, Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Balance Ability of Older Female Adults: An Intervention Study abstract: The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program on the changes observed in the body composition, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, as well as balance in elderly female adults in order to evaluate sarcopenia. In this study, 30 healthy elderly females were recruited and were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group engaged in a moderate-intensity physical activity program twice a week for 8 weeks. Using a body composition analyzer, the senior fitness test, and handgrip strength and gait speed tests, all participants were tested in pre- and post-tests. The results of the study revealed changes in the overall body composition in the experimental group, with significant decreases in body mass index, body fat percentage, and body fat mass and substantial increases in the basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass, while the upper and lower extremity muscle strength and balance ability also showed significant improvements. The moderate-intensity physical activity program also increased upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb gait speed, showing that the plan was able to effectively evaluate sarcopenia. The study concluded that using upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb walking speed to evaluate sarcopenia are useful diagnostic tools. Moderate-intensity physical activity is effective for improving muscle strength and reducing sarcopenia.

臺灣大學校院一般體育課程內容之探討

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:05:46 GMT

title: 臺灣大學校院一般體育課程內容之探討 abstract: 本文旨在瞭解臺灣地區大學校院一般體育課程實施情形。經簡易問卷蒐集及分析後，現今大學體育現況為一、體育組織校內一級單位占 63% 居多，二級單位體育組織多數隸屬於學務處；二、大學體育課從 94 學年以三年必修居多，逐年下降至 103 年以二年必修為主；三、開課類別仍以競技運動類項目占最多，惟健康體適能類大幅提升；四、各校體育組織功能完善，學校行政體系仍支持體育相關發展，能定期辦理相關體育活動，經費亦充足；五、學校經費逐年縮編，影響運動場地設施設備之更新與維護，私立學校師資人力減縮，體育課程面臨專業師資不足現象，值得關注。

臺灣中小學體育課中舞蹈教育之現況：以批判論述分析

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:05:42 GMT

title: 臺灣中小學體育課中舞蹈教育之現況：以批判論述分析 abstract: 緒論：我國體育課多年流於「競技導向」的技巧與訓練，著重運動技能訓練，隨著九年一貫的教育改革浪潮直至目前即將實施十二年國民基本教育，學校體育教師開始著重體適能、身體活動等體育教學。儘管，舞蹈教育可帶給學生多方面的身體活動、協調性、情緒表達等等，可惜經過一連串教育改革，中、小學體育課程仍然缺乏舞蹈教育課程。因此，本研究運用批判論述分析的方法論，作為探究臺灣中小學舞蹈教育所面臨危機的可能影響因素。方法：本研究依據批判論述分析之方法論，透過文件分析法以及訪談法進行文本分析、過程分析以及脈絡分析，結果：本研究結果指出文本分析包含中小學舞蹈教育課程名稱與內容之起源、以舞蹈教育對基本能力與分段能力指標之解析；過程分析包含九年一貫課程綱要影響舞蹈教育課程的安排、師資對舞蹈教育之重要性，以及教科書一綱一本到一綱多本的開放；脈絡分析包含舞蹈教育在體育課中可轉化之功能、師資培育影響舞蹈教育進程。結論：一、舞蹈教育符合九年一貫健體領域基本理念與分段能力指標；二、九年一貫課程綱要去標準化，體育課教材開放，舞蹈教育課程、師資、教科書教材漸少；三、舞蹈教育的窘境，師資培育體系影響舞蹈教育發展。最後，本研究根據研究結果對未來舞蹈教育提出發展、執行、推動之研究建議。

Differences in the Lateral and Vertical Jump Performances of Elite Male Basketball Players—An Axial Stabilization Training Program

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:05:39 GMT

title: Differences in the Lateral and Vertical Jump Performances of Elite Male Basketball Players—An Axial Stabilization Training Program abstract: This study aimed to conduct a kinetic analysis of the lateral and vertical jumps of elite male basketball players through a 12-week axial stability training program to improve sports performance. Thirty elite Taiwanese male basketball players were openly recruited and divided into experimental groups and control groups. The experimental group conducted the test twice a week, a 12-week (24-session) axial stability training program intervention in total, and the control group only received general basketball training. A double-track force plate was used to measure lateral and vertical jumps in order to understand their dynamic parameters. Finally, a difference analysis between the post-test of lateral and vertical jumps was conducted. The results show that the axial stability training program affected the activation of the abdominal and lower limb extensor muscles and had a stabilizing effect on the muscles of the experimental group. When the participants conducted a lateral jump, they were able to stand firm within 1 s and take off instantly. The θ value of the T-PRF ranged from 60.7° to 68.6°. The post-test of the participants’ vertical jump showed that the kurtosis of the RFD was steeper, the time required for the RFD was shorter, the GRF and the duration of passage increased, and the experimental group was better than the control group in all post-tests. By comparing the two types of jumps, it was found that they had the vertical force in common. The main differences were in the reaction force of the leg strength, the jump distance and height, and the take-off angle.

Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem on the Relationship between Perfectionism and Creative Thinking among Collegiate Dancers

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:05:36 GMT

title: Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem on the Relationship between Perfectionism and Creative Thinking among Collegiate Dancers abstract: Social cognitive theory has supported the view that perfectionism can be a hindrance to creativity, and also considers self-esteem to have a moderating effect on their relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between perfectionism and creativity in college dancers. Two hundred and sixty-six college dance students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale of Frost, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the New Test of Creative Thinking. The moderating effect was tested with a four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Bivariate analyses showed that creative thinking was, as a dependent variable, significantly related to multidimensional perfectionism and self-esteem in college dancers. Additionally, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that self-esteem moderated the association between multidimensional perfectionism and creative thinking after controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics. It can thus be concluded that self-esteem might regulate the positive effect of multidimensional perfectionism on creative thinking. Professional dance instructors who are working with perfectionist dancers should, therefore, seek ways to improve dancers’ self-esteem as one of the strategies to improve their creative thinking.