DSpace collection: 期刊論文

Venezuela in Unprecedented Crisis

title: Venezuela in Unprecedented Crisis

Trajectory of Capitalism in Mexico: Hierarchical Market Economy and the Role of the State

title: Trajectory of Capitalism in Mexico: Hierarchical Market Economy and the Role of the State abstract: This paper adopts an analytical framework based on the literature of varieties of capitalism (VoC) by which to understand the trajectory of hierarchical market economy (HME) in Mexico, as well as the role played by the state in its endurance through notions like path dependence and institutional complementarities. Therefore, it explores the different historical stages in which the state designed and implemented diverse economic policies, which ultimately were unable to reverse the main features of a capitalism marked by hierarchy and heterogeneity. This framework is applied for the case of Mexico, also considering the current changes taking place in the country after a new government from a left-wing party was installed in the country in December 2018. Despite its calls to transform the nation, including an abandonment of the neoliberal model which prevailed in Mexico since the mid-1980s, this paper argues that the proposed changes need to take into consideration the historical role played by the state in the consolidation of the core features of a hierarchical market economy in the country. From its developmental role during the implementation of an import-substitution industrialization model between the 1940s and 1970s, to its alleged regulatory functions after the 1980s, the state played a key role in the consolidation of characteristics like the emergence and economic dominance of diversified business groups, together with large multinational corporations, and the manifestation of atomistic labor relations and a large informal sector. Hence, similar to other countries in Latin America that are also characterized by having HMEs, Mexico is a useful study case for comprehending the challenges faced by emerging economies in achieving a successful transformation of capitalism that could lead to finding ways of coordination and organization between actors in the pursuit of a new equilibrium, hence making sustained economic growth and socioeconomic development a reality in the long-term.

委內瑞拉糧食生產體系與短缺之研究：過程與機制

title: 委內瑞拉糧食生產體系與短缺之研究：過程與機制 abstract: 本文目的在探究委內瑞拉查維茲總統執政期間，以國家力量打造的國有糧食生產體系與相關制度，為何以及如何導致委內瑞拉走向更仰賴糧食進口，並於國際石油價格崩跌之後陷入嚴重的物資「短缺」。本文從制度論出發，制度互補作為分析架構，並結合國家角色與國家結盟進行分析，目的在探究2001～2013年間查維茲總統在「糧食主權」和「二十一世紀社會主義國家轉型」政策框架下啟動的一系列糧食與農業政策，包括：土地改革與再分配、糧食市場銷售計劃、食品加工與零售部門國有化，以及價格和匯率控制等政策，如何衝擊本地生產，導致更依賴進口。研究結果顯示，查維茲一系列政策，重組了土地產權、糧食生產體系、市場制度和分配機制，雖形成「混合市場經濟」，但由國家主導並掌控價格制定和供應分銷體制，具「官僚價格協調經濟」特徵。私有食品加工部門因為被「徵收」或進料限制，造成生產下降；反之，國有糧食生產體系之主體「社會經濟部門」，卻因政府的「最高售價限制」與「市場價格」之間持續擴大的差距，強化了「投機／套利」誘因，而導致「短缺」和黑市交易。國家又變相地擴大「徵收」，以及價格控制的範疇與數量。最終，政策制度抑制了私部門的生產，又變相地鼓勵國有生產體系去投機，導致國內生產下滑，更仰賴進口。

El desarrollo de la banca y las pymes en Taiwán: Lecciones para el caso Mexicano

title: El desarrollo de la banca y las pymes en Taiwán: Lecciones para el caso Mexicano abstract: A diferencia de Corea del Sur y Japón, el modelo de desarrollo económico observado en Taiwán se caracteriza por una abundancia de pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes). Muchas de ellas están relacionadas entre sí, y han sido capaces de alcanzar altos niveles de eficiencia debido a su flexibilidad y rápida adaptación. De la misma forma, el sector bancario fue un actor determinante para mantener la estabilidad macroeconómica y motivar la creación de dichas firmas. El papel del Estado fue definitivo para el éxito de dicho modelo, con un sector estatal mucho más visible que en el de los otros estados desarrollistas del Este Asiático. Este artículo aborda las particularidades de este modelo, así como las enseñanzas que puede ofrecer para el caso mexicano.

The Retreat of Development Agenda: Return to the State and the Governance Dilemma in the Twentieth-First Century Latin America

title: The Retreat of Development Agenda: Return to the State and the Governance Dilemma in the Twentieth-First Century Latin America

安地斯國家替代發展之研究：祕魯、委內瑞拉與厄瓜多的比較

title: 安地斯國家替代發展之研究：祕魯、委內瑞拉與厄瓜多的比較 abstract: 自華盛頓共識以降，拉美國家落實新自由主義政策與結構調整，卻無力解決根深蒂固的貧窮與社會不均問題。進入後華盛頓共識時代，懸而未解的發展難題催促拉美國家繼續尋求替代發展的道路，並促成二十一世紀前十七年南美洲興起一波反新自由主義的左派政權，又稱「粉紅色浪潮」。這波趨勢的共同性在於：都試圖解決獨尊市場經濟遺留的社會不公與貧窮問題，並尋求一個兼顧經濟成長與更合理社會分配的替代發展方案。事實上，拉美替代發展方案經常是「價值理性」取向的，政治領袖又深具個人領袖魅力，配合一個較弱的國家能力，以及回應政治衝突衍生的不斷調整策略，造成發展理念到政策落實之間產生斷層，以致於經常成效不彰，而被批評是嘩眾取寵。然而，拉美替代方案在試圖形塑一個新的發展觀點及建構一個新的社會契約上，仍深具啟發性，無法全盤否定其貢獻。特別是它們挑戰了新自由主義模式假設「自由民主」與「市場經濟」作為政治與經濟治理的理念型，事實上為尋求替代性政治與經濟制度創造了可能性。基於此，本文目的在探究祕魯的「包容性成長」、委內瑞拉的「玻利瓦革命」與「二十一世紀社會主義」，以及厄瓜多的「美好生活社會主義」三種替代發展方案對於發展的核心思考與治理之異同。研究發現，它們雖導向分歧論述與實踐，但共同點在於：反新自由主義的發展邏輯與政經議程，強調「發展」應回歸到對於「人類進步」價值的重視。在治理策略上，除找回「國家」在經濟與社會的角色之外，同時強調以「賦權」來強化人民政治與經濟能力，並凸顯以「參與式民主」和「經濟民主化」兩個替代性政經制度，來修正「自由民主」與「市場經濟」衍生的不公與貧窮。

Food Reserve or Food Trade to Meet Emergency Food Needs? A Case Study of Taiwan's Food Reserve Initiative in APEC.

title: Food Reserve or Food Trade to Meet Emergency Food Needs? A Case Study of Taiwan's Food Reserve Initiative in APEC. abstract: Food price spike in 2007-2008 has raised worldwide concern of food security. In the face of challenge, nation-state is positioned to undertake measures to minimize the risk. Food reserve, despite its controversy, is considered as an effective way to respond food shock. The paper addresses a food reserve initiative proposed by Taiwan during 2010-2012 in APEC forum in order to unravel the debate over food reserve or food trade as an effective mean to safeguard emergency food need in APEC. The research concludes that the case reveals the conflicts of agricultural interests among APEC member economies and further acknowledges the food trade as an undisputed measure to safeguard food security in APEC scenario.

Challenges for the Republic of China: Diplomatic Relations with Latin America after the Regime Rotation in 2016

title: Challenges for the Republic of China: Diplomatic Relations with Latin America after the Regime Rotation in 2016 abstract: Due to the policy of “diplomatic truce” during the presidency of Ma Ying-Jeou, and the good will of mainland China, from 2008 to 2016, generally speaking, the number of ROC’s diplomatic allies remained stable, except in November 2013, when Gambia cut its diplomatic relations with Taiwan. However, since President Tsai Ing-wen took office in May 20, 2016, some changes are expected in cross-Strait relations between Mainland China and Taiwan, given the reluctance of President Tsai to express her support to the 1992 Consensus, and the previous reactions of Mainland China. Nowadays, among the 20 ROC diplomatic allies, 11 are located in Latin America. This article tries to respond to the following questions: Is it possible to go back to the bilateral diplomatic competition for recognition by different ally countries, like that maintained during the governments of Lee Teng-hui and Chen Sui-bian? Will Mainland China intend to seize more countries that maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan in order to press Tsai for closer cross-Strait relations? Will the Taiwan´ diplomatic allies in Latin America turn to Mainland China, accepting its offers and incentives?

干預型國家的新自由主義轉向（1980-2010）：墨西哥與台灣石化政策與技術官僚的理念鑲嵌

title: 干預型國家的新自由主義轉向（1980-2010）：墨西哥與台灣石化政策與技術官僚的理念鑲嵌 abstract: 1980年中期墨西哥與臺灣先後從國家主導轉向市場主導成長的發展模式，在落實石化市場去管制化之下，因國有石油企業的產權移轉面臨阻礙，兩國轉為推動組織重組為事業體機制。但在政策方向一致下，基於技術官僚的專業知識與對市場理念的認知深淺不同，伴隨各自產業發展的歷史特定脈絡和制度差異，鑲嵌到石化政策內容，造成兩國石化產業發展走向迥異的經濟結果。本研究發現，墨西哥新古典經濟學技術官僚對市場理念的高度推崇，被根深蒂固的石油主義抑制，造成干預失敗；反之，臺灣工程型技術官僚熟悉產業特性與技術內容，並理解逆向整合的產業歷史，因此致力於維繫生產鏈整合。因此，臺灣石化業的經濟表現優於墨西哥。 In the mid-1980s, both Mexico and Taiwan made changes from interventionist state to market-led growth strategies. Despite convergence in the market reform policies, divergence is noted in their economic performances. The argument is made that economic outcomes are determined by the policy principles of technocracies, which are shaped by perceptions of market ideas and development consciousness and constrained by historically specific institutions. The Mexican case shows how a neo-classical economic technocracy can prioritize market ideas, but in a manner that is heavily offset by petroleum-centered ideology. In contrast, Taiwanese engineering technocracy remains development-conscious, projecting technical knowledge to policy-making processes, and using reverse integration history as a niche for forging industrial integration. This is a likely explanation for why Taiwan's petrochemical industry has outperformed Mexico's.

評：國家為何會失敗？權力、富裕與貧窮的根源

title: 評：國家為何會失敗？權力、富裕與貧窮的根源

阿雷山得列及「二七年代」文學運動

title: 阿雷山得列及「二七年代」文學運動

後西遊記略論

title: 後西遊記略論

黑色幽默 : 解析《總統先生》的魔幻世界

title: 黑色幽默 : 解析《總統先生》的魔幻世界 abstract: 拉丁美洲的政治動盪不安，長期陷入獨裁政體，因此耕耘出一系列獨裁小說。瓜地馬拉作家阿斯圖里亞斯（Miguel Ángel Asturias）於一九六七年榮獲諾貝爾文學獎，其小說《總統先生》雖然影射瓜地馬拉獨裁者艾斯德拉達（Manuel Estrada Cabrera），但在小說中並未註明故事發生的時間或地點，甚至獨裁者的名號，可視為任何一個拉丁美洲獨裁者的原型。作者將獨裁者幻化為馬雅火神多以爾（Tohil），兩者之間有象徵意義：馬雅初民社會以活人獻祭取悅火神，使聖凡兩界得以共生；現代獨裁社會以逮捕、處決異己份子取悅獨裁者，維持社會秩序。本文由神奇與魔幻意象為出發點，解析阿斯圖里亞斯的魔幻寫實手法，並探討《總統先生》的黑色幽默。

吉訶德：貴族子弟的悲歌

title: 吉訶德：貴族子弟的悲歌 abstract: 外表瘋癲的吉訶德，有著高貴的理想，雖然他知道美夢會成空，但仍奮戰不懈，因而落入薛西弗斯的神話意象，成為荒謬人的象徵。杜西內婭是吉訶德內在完美的安尼瑪形象，並賦予他對抗邪惡的勇氣與力量。吉訶德與杜西內婭的人物原型勾勒出一個極盡完美的圖像：英雄蓋世的武士和豔麗絕倫的美人。《吉訶德》宛如一面明鏡，鑑照二元對立的世界，反映出作者塞萬提斯的一生，也代表遊俠騎士的生活，更象徵西班牙帝國黃金世紀的興衰。本論文試圖以歷史角度，窺探主人翁吉訶德背後的騎士原型，並從騎士原型拼湊出十六世紀西班牙征服者的容顏、出身、欲壑，探索左右時代的英雄榮譽思想、淑女崇拜、濟弱扶傾信念，解析天主教傳道福音的聖戰精神，以及貴族子弟如何對抗西班牙的矛盾社會。

A non-interventionist theory of American foreign policy

title: A non-interventionist theory of American foreign policy

Lincoln and Seward: from Rivalry to Teamwork

title: Lincoln and Seward: from Rivalry to Teamwork

A few notes on the Chinese American situation

title: A few notes on the Chinese American situation

American Studies in China (PRC): Present Developments and Future Trends

title: American Studies in China (PRC): Present Developments and Future Trends

「台灣關係法」面臨的挑戰, 華府-台北-北京三邊關係之再評估

title: 「台灣關係法」面臨的挑戰, 華府-台北-北京三邊關係之再評估

Latin American Neopopulism Challenge to Liberal Democracy and Economic Freedom

title: Latin American Neopopulism Challenge to Liberal Democracy and Economic Freedom

臺海兩岸在中美洲的外交競賽

title: 臺海兩岸在中美洲的外交競賽

La Reforma Agraria en Taiwan: Una Referencia Para America Latina

title: La Reforma Agraria en Taiwan: Una Referencia Para America Latina

Juan Carlos I de Espana Y Las Monarquias Europeas Modernas

title: Juan Carlos I de Espana Y Las Monarquias Europeas Modernas

Estudio Sobre la Educacion y el Desarrollo Econ'omioco de la Rep'ubica de China

title: Estudio Sobre la Educacion y el Desarrollo Econ'omioco de la Rep'ubica de China

Analisis de las Elecciones Presidenciales de 1988 en Mexico

title: Analisis de las Elecciones Presidenciales de 1988 en Mexico

El desarrollo de las relaciones comerciales ASEAN-Comunidad Europea en los años 80

title: El desarrollo de las relaciones comerciales ASEAN-Comunidad Europea en los años 80

廿一世紀中共與拉美關係在亞太戰略環境中的意涵

title: 廿一世紀中共與拉美關係在亞太戰略環境中的意涵 abstract: 在2001年4月中共國家主席江澤民出訪南美洲及加勒比海地區大國之後，北京當局對於拉丁美洲的外交作為趨於積極，特別是與區域大國之間的互動有明顯的擴展。其後，胡錦濤於2004年11月再度往訪南美洲ABC三國及古巴，雙方的實質關係更進一步提升到全面性的「戰略伙伴」層次。中共對於拉美國家外交行動的強化為其「南南外交」戰略下重要的一環，其內涵除了推動發展中國家共同致力於建立公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序而外，更實際的目的在於期望拉美豐富的能源、蘊藏及原物料出口，能為中共本身的經濟發展提供一個穩定的供應來源。中共的影響力深入拉美腹地，自然會牽動美國最敏感的一根神經，華盛頓當局正密切注視著中共的拉美政策是否會強烈地衝撞美國的傳統地緣戰略利益。由於能源安全是廿一世紀中共全球戰略的主軸之一，因之中共在拉美的外交作為對照到亞太地區，也可以看到類似的表現，不同的是亞太地緣政治的複雜性與潛在的衝突性遠高於拉丁美洲，這也為區域情勢的未來發展添加了若干不穩定的因子。

La Operatividad de las Medidas Autosatisfactivas para cumplimentar el decreto 293/02 y en la Res. 58/02 del Ministerio de Economía

title: La Operatividad de las Medidas Autosatisfactivas para cumplimentar el decreto 293/02 y en la Res. 58/02 del Ministerio de Economía

El caso de la Ley Anti-Secesion en las relaciones entre Taiwan y Latinoamerica

title: El caso de la Ley Anti-Secesion en las relaciones entre Taiwan y Latinoamerica

An approach to the analysis of violence and freedom of expression in changing South Korea

title: An approach to the analysis of violence and freedom of expression in changing South Korea

Argentina Fixed-Term Bank Deposit:between Scylla and Charybdis?

title: Argentina Fixed-Term Bank Deposit:between Scylla and Charybdis?

瓜地馬拉之合憲法性之管制措施之前例與現例

title: 瓜地馬拉之合憲法性之管制措施之前例與現例

Ritos, normas y leyes en China

title: Ritos, normas y leyes en China

Origenes y realidades de la crisis asiatica

title: Origenes y realidades de la crisis asiatica

Nasca, algo mas que dibujos

title: Nasca, algo mas que dibujos

McDonald's y la justicia en el reino unido de gran bretana

title: McDonald's y la justicia en el reino unido de gran bretana

Eutanasia : su tratamiento en la doctrina y el derecho comparado

title: Eutanasia : su tratamiento en la doctrina y el derecho comparado

El Recurso de Amparo en Nicaragua

title: El Recurso de Amparo en Nicaragua

El eje Asia-pacifico y la globalizacion

title: El eje Asia-pacifico y la globalizacion

El Derecho a comunicarse como integrante de la libertad de expresion

title: El Derecho a comunicarse como integrante de la libertad de expresion