DSpace collection: 期刊論文

Impact of wearable-assisted walking on sarcopenia and body composition in older adults

title: Impact of wearable-assisted walking on sarcopenia and body composition in older adults abstract: Background Physical inactivity constitutes a global public health challenge, particularly among older adults. This study investigates the impact of a wearable device-assisted walking program on body composition, muscle strength, and sarcopenia in this population. Methods Eighty healthy older adults (40 men and 40 women), aged 65 and above, were randomly assigned to either an intervention (experimental) group, which participated in a structured walking program utilizing wearable devices, or a non-intervention (control) group, which maintained their habitual activities. The walking program spanned 12 weeks. Key assessments included body composition analysis, handgrip strength measurement, the 5× sit-to-stand test, and the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Results The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in body composition and muscle strength. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) increased by 5.5% (95% CI: 4.2–6.8%), handgrip strength improved by 13.1% (95% CI: 10.6–15.6%, p < 0.05), and lower limb function improved by 10.5% (p < 0.05). ASMI proved to be an effective and accessible metric for sarcopenia assessment, demonstrating strong correlations with SMM, handgrip strength, and sit-to-stand performance. Conclusions Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, provide real-time feedback and enable tailored exercise recommendations, offering a practical and personalized strategy for mitigating sarcopenia. This study confirms that wearable-assisted walking programs effectively improve muscle health and functional performance in older adults, reinforcing their potential for promoting healthy aging.

Associations of physical fitness with sustained overt attention and academic performance in children with learning disabilities

title: Associations of physical fitness with sustained overt attention and academic performance in children with learning disabilities abstract: Physical fitness has consistently been linked to cognitive and academic performance, with sustained attention recognized as a key predictor of academic success (Huang et al., 2020). However, few studies have explored whether sustained attention moderate the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance in children with learning disabilities (LDs), and existing findings remain inconclusive due to certain limitations. This study investigated the moderating role of sustained attention in the association between physical fitness and academic performance among children with LDs while also addressing the related limitations. This study enrolled 71 elementary school children with learning disabilities (33 girls, mean age = 11.03 years ± 0.82), who participated in the assessment of physical fitness. Additionally, sustained attention was measured using the DAUF Sustained Attention Test from the Vienna Testing System, while Academic performance was assessed using Chinese language and mathematics tests" as recommended. Bivariate analyses showed that academic performance was, as a dependent variable, significantly and positively related to physical fitness (r = .22 & .24, p < .05) and significantly negatively related to DAUF sustained attention (r = - .51 & - .43, p < .01) in children with LDs. Additionally, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sustained attention moderated the association between physical fitness, Chinese language (β = -4.03, p < .05), and mathematics (β = -5.00, p < .01) after controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics. These findings have major implications for child development, emphasizing the key role of physical fitness in the beneficial effects of sustained attention on academic achievement.

生成式人工智慧輔助適應體育課程提升學生自主學習

title: 生成式人工智慧輔助適應體育課程提升學生自主學習 abstract: 身心障礙學生在體育學習中常因認知困難、動作表現限制與自我效能不足而影響參與度，為改善此困境，本研究旨在結合生成式人工智慧（artificial intelligence, AI）鷹架與ARCS（attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction）動機模式的教學策略，探討適應體育課程的應用成效，以及學生自主學習能力與學習動機之影響。以8名大學生為對象（男3人、女5人，年齡18～24歲），研究採用混合研究法，量化部分以兩種量表測驗，質性部分透過學生反思文本分析AI介入後的學習變化，檢驗學習構面與動機指標之相關性。研究結果顯示，學生在目標設定、自我規劃與滿足感構面上均有正向成長，並發現「專注力」與「自信心」呈現高度正相關，顯示AI能在學習動機歷程中提供潛在支持。本研究認為，若AI教學介入未搭配適切的教師引導與後設認知鷹架，學生可能出現對AI工具的依賴，導致學習動機下降與自我調節受限。建議未來研究應擴大樣本數、延長課程介入期，並設計更完善的AI人機協作架構與評估機制，以推動適應體育教學的永續發展與精緻化。

以SPLISS 模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來

title: 以SPLISS 模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來 abstract: 隨著自由民主的時代演進，重視人權的理念與制度逐漸成為普世價值，處於相對弱勢的身心障礙族群，其追求健康與運動的權利越來越受到先進國家與社會的關注，而推動與發展帕拉運動即是倡議生存、自由、尊重、平等的最佳證明。儘管臺灣在推展帕拉運動已有近四十年的歷史，但如何與國家競技運動的政策方向與管理制度相互配合，甚至建構屬於身心障礙族群的帕拉運動系統，有賴借鏡世界上在帕拉運動取得成就的國家。本文探討在De Bosscher等（2006）提出的「國際運動成功之運動政策因素」（Sport Policies Leading to International Sporting Success framework, SPLISS）模式，探討該模式對各政策面向的定義與相互關係，分析世界各國競技運動政策的實例，進而探究SPLISS模式在帕拉運動中的獨特性，及指出臺灣帕拉運動的發展現況與挑戰，為回應這些挑戰，結合SPLISS模式對帕拉運動政策的分析，本研究提出七項建議：臺灣應增加帕拉運動經費支持的多元化，整合國內與帕拉運動相關的體育行政單位，建構完善的帕拉運動選才與培訓制度，提供帕拉運動員訓練、參賽與退役後的各種必要支持，積極參與或申辦國際帕拉運動賽事，提升運動教練與技術人員對帕拉運動的專業知能，並鼓勵帕拉運動科學研究，以建構一個適合臺灣國情的高效能帕拉運動系統，並成為引領國際體育運動成功的政策模式。

Dynamic Analysis of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Performance During Take-Offs and Landings in High-Wall Climbing: Effects of a Plyometric and Strength Training Intervention

title: Dynamic Analysis of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Performance During Take-Offs and Landings in High-Wall Climbing: Effects of a Plyometric and Strength Training Intervention abstract: This study used a 12-week plyometric and strength training program as an intervention to improve upper- and lower-extremity muscle strength for jumping and landing when climbing high walls. Sixty general non-athlete male college students were openly recruited and divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a plyometric and strength training program twice a week for 12 weeks (24 sessions). The intervention was divided into three phases, each lasting four weeks, with the training intensity gradually increasing in each phase. A hand grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength, and a PASCO double-track force plate was used to assess upper-extremity push-up force and lower-extremity take-off and landing strength. The results of the 12-week intervention showed that the experimental group experienced significant increases in grip strength (both hands), hand-ground reaction force, and upper-extremity hang time. Additionally, the time of upper-extremity action on the force plate decreased. Lower-extremity take-off strength improved, as reflected in increased ground reaction force, rate of force development, and passage time. Upon landing, ground reaction force decreased by 3.2%, and cushioning time shortened by 52.7%. This study concludes that plyometric and strength training have promising effects in enhancing upper- and lower-extremity strength, particularly in climbing and landing tasks.

The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Athletes

title: The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Athletes abstract: Recent studies have shown that lower-limb plyometric training can effectively enhance muscle strength and explosiveness, which are particularly important for improving jumping ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on vertical, lateral, and horizontal jumping abilities, and their subsequent impact on basketball shooting performance and sports injury prevention. A quasi-experimental design was used, recruiting 30 male college-level basketball players from Taiwan, who were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Both groups participated in 2 h of basketball training daily, while the experimental group additionally engaged in plyometric training twice a week. The results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group in several key areas, including rate of force development (RFD), ground reaction force (GRF), jump height, jump distance, and both horizontal and vertical forces, across vertical, lateral, and horizontal jumps. Specifically, vertical jumps required the highest ground reaction force, followed by lateral jumps, with horizontal (step-back) jumps requiring the least. The optimal angles for the resultant force during take-off were found to be between 66.1° and 66.8° for lateral jumps, and between 56.2° and 57.2° for step-back jumps, while vertical jumps did not show significant variation in take-off angle. In terms of basketball performance, the experimental group demonstrated significantly better post-test results in all three types of jump shots, with the highest accuracy observed in the vertical jump shot, followed by the lateral jump shot, and the lowest in the step-back jump shot. Furthermore, the experimental group experienced a substantial reduction in sports injury rates, with the injury rate decreasing to 6%. These findings indicate that plyometric training not only enhances jumping performance, but also contributes to injury prevention by strengthening lower-limb muscles. This study provides a theoretical basis for coaches to develop comprehensive training programs that improve athletic performance and reduce injury risk.

以SPLISS模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來

title: 以SPLISS模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來 abstract: 隨著自由民主的時代演進，重視人權的理念與制度逐漸成為普世價值，處於相對弱勢的身心障礙族群，其追求健康與運動的權利越來越受到先進國家與社會的關注，而推動與發展帕拉運動即是倡議生存、自由、尊重、平等的最佳證明。儘管臺灣在推展帕拉運動已有近四十年的歷史，但如何與國家競技運動的政策方向與管理制度相互配合，甚至建構屬於身心障礙族群的帕拉運動系統，有賴借鏡世界上在帕拉運動取得成就的國家。本文探討在De Bosscher等（2006）提出的「國際運動成功之運動政策因素」（Sport Policies Leading to International Sporting Success framework, SPLISS）模式，探討該模式對各政策面向的定義與相互關係，分析世界各國競技運動政策的實例，進而探究SPLISS模式在帕拉運動中的獨特性，及指出臺灣帕拉運動的發展現況與挑戰，為回應這些挑戰，結合SPLISS模式對帕拉運動政策的分析，本研究提出七項建議：臺灣應增加帕拉運動經費支持的多元化，整合國內與帕拉運動相關的體育行政單位，建構完善的帕拉運動選才與培訓制度，提供帕拉運動員訓練、參賽與退役後的各種必要支持，積極參與或申辦國際帕拉運動賽事，提升運動教練與技術人員對帕拉運動的專業知能，並鼓勵帕拉運動科學研究，以建構一個適合臺灣國情的高效能帕拉運動系統，並成為引領國際體育運動成功的政策模式。

Integrating Unified Communications and Internet of M-Health Things with Micro Wireless Physiological Sensors

title: Integrating Unified Communications and Internet of M-Health Things with Micro Wireless Physiological Sensors abstract: This study establishes Unified Communications (UC) platform integrated with Internet of m-health Things (m-IoT) architecture, which can be applied to healthcare. Using micro wireless physiological sensors combined with smart mobile devices, that is able to implement patients immediate monitoring, first aid, tracking, analysis, diagnosis, alarm-triggering, locating and collaboration with medical healthcare. Converging data, voice, video, multimedia messaging elements into WBAN, WSN, WLAN, Internet, PSTN and Social Networks, which integrates vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, ECG, body temperature, posture, activity rate, GPS location, street scene and live background recording feedback into different heterogeneous platforms to make a seamless compatibility ubiquitous architecture, and thus it conducts correlation analysis, computing, statistics and comparison. In this communication architecture, it ensures that caregivers could monitor patients at anytime and anywhere through any communication tools, media, devices and platforms. Caregivers could instantly provide proper medical diagnosis or emergency medical care without limited to distance, space and time. This study improved the communication architecture of traditional mobile healthcare, monitoring methods and warning mechanisms, which also offers effective, real-time, multi-channel, group broadcasting and two way communication architecture to reduce cooperative medical care cost and enhance the effectiveness of communications services. Looking to introduce Unified Communications technologies for mobile healthcare in order to increase mobile medical service quality, and then open a wider range of applications and research breakthroughs.

目標設定介入對視障生身體活動量與運動自我效能之影響

title: 目標設定介入對視障生身體活動量與運動自我效能之影響 abstract: 目的：探討目標設定對視障生身體活動量與運動自我效能之影響。方法：以臺北市立某高中視障生20名為對象，分派為有目標設定組和無目標設定組各10人，進行為期12天的身體活動記錄。目標設定組的學生被要求每日進步至少10％的步數作為目標設定，無目標設定組則沒有任何目標。參與者的12日身體活動量以Yamax SW200電子計步器加以記錄，並在實驗結束後填寫運動自我效能量表，所得資料以獨立樣本t考驗和皮爾遜積差相關進行統計分析。結果：一、目標設定組的視障學生的12日身體活動量（M＝10996.68次）顯著高於無目標設定組（M＝7653.05次）。二、目標設定組的運動自我效能高於無目標設定組。三、目標設定組的身體活動量與運動自我效能有顯著正相關（r＝.76）。結論：目標設定的介入對視障生的身體活動量和運動自我效能具有提升效果，適當利用目標設定來促進視障生從事規律身體活動以及提升其參與運動的能力知覺是在適應體育課程中可以考慮使用的策略。

Predict the exercise behavior intention of the older adults in Taipei City to promote exercise behavior

title: Predict the exercise behavior intention of the older adults in Taipei City to promote exercise behavior abstract: The purpose of this study employed the theory of planned behavior as a research framework to analyze the explanatory power of exercise attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on exercise intention among older adults and to obtain insight on exercise behavior among older adults. The study used Ajzen's theory of planning behavior as a basis to compile the “Exercise Behavior Intention Questionnaire of the Older Adults.” Results showed that there were significant differences were detected in the exercise intentions of older adults with different subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This indicated that older adults of greater age have a greater need for companionship from family members and stronger subjective norms. In addition, exercise attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained the variance in exercise intention among older adults, verifying the positive explanatory power of these variables on exercise intention in older adults. The study concluded that the theory of planned behavior, improving older adults’ exercise attitude alone was insufficient for increasing their exercise behavior intention. In particular, older adults of greater age had greater needs for social support from the main groups, and they required encouragement to enhance their self-efficacy and confidence.

Interventions to Improve Physical Capability of Older Adults with Mild Disabilities: A Case Study

title: Interventions to Improve Physical Capability of Older Adults with Mild Disabilities: A Case Study abstract: Ageing is related to changes in physical health, including loss of mobility and muscle function. It can lead to impaired physical capability and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a physical activity rehabilitation program (PARP) could improve range of joint motion (ROM), grip strength, and gait speed of older adults with mild disabilities. Forty older adults in a long-term care center in Taiwan joined as human participants and were split into control and experimental groups. The participants in the experimental group joined a PARP for eight weeks. The ROM of bodily joints, grip strength, and gait speed of all participants were measured both before and after the eight-week period. The results showed that all the ROMs, grip strength, and gait speed of the participants in the experimental group increased significantly after attending the program. The improvement of the ROMs for male and female participants in the experimental group ranged from 3.8% to 71% and from 7.8% to 75%, respectively. Male participants had greater improvement on gait speed (50%) than their female counterparts (22.9%). Female participants, on the other hand, had greater improvement on grip strength (25.4%) than their male counterparts (20.3%). The ROM, grip strength, and gait speed of the control group, on the other hand, did not change significantly during the same period. The results showed that the PARP adopted in this study was effective in increasing the ROM, grip strength, and gait speed of those who had joined the PARP. This study shows that an eight-week PARP without the use of gym machines was beneficial in reducing sarcopenia in elderly people with mild disabilities.

競技運動情境中運動員的社會壓力來源與影響

title: 競技運動情境中運動員的社會壓力來源與影響 abstract: 本研究目的是以 Aneshensel 的社會壓力理論整體性觀點來檢視運動員在競技運動情境中面臨到的社會壓力來源、種類，以及反應。以 8 位具備選手身分，以及曾經有參與過大型賽事（例如：全運會、國際比賽等）為研究對象，利用半結構式訪談蒐集資料。研究結果發現：運動員社會壓力歷程包含社會階層、長期壓力源，以及社會壓力反應。社會階層包含教練、父母、隊友以及非重要他人；長期壓力源包含角色緊繃、社會地位不一致、利益分配；社會壓力反應包含認知、情意、行為反應。本研究結論：對運動員而言，在訓練或者比賽過程中，仍然面臨許多壓力，且可能容易造成運動表現的下滑、產生負面情緒，或者不適當的認知反應，這些現象值得各個訓練團隊重視的議題。

臺灣中小學舞蹈教育內涵與實踐之論述分析

title: 臺灣中小學舞蹈教育內涵與實踐之論述分析 abstract: 本研究旨在論述臺灣中小學舞蹈教育內涵與實踐及其現況，針對相關研究結果進行評析。經文獻發現舞蹈教育在學校體育課程中漸漸沒落，本文分別從兩個角度來論述分析：舞蹈教育之內涵；舞蹈教育在體育課中的實踐。亦即舞蹈教育在學校體育佔有重要知識傳遞，其次舞蹈教育課程主要是探索身體與肢體開發，進而培養創造力與美學。另外，根據現況分析，目前我國國中小階段舞蹈教育欠缺專業師資，以至舞蹈教育漸漸弱化。因此，本文建議未來可增進師培單位之舞蹈課程、修訂教師進修辦法、尋求社區及產官學合作，發展舞蹈普及教育之舞蹈欣賞教材，定期規劃舞蹈演出欣賞活動，以期舞蹈教育在學校體育課中落實與實踐。

Research on the Relationships Among the Gender Consciousness, Social Support, and Wellbeing in Taiwan College Female Athletes

title: Research on the Relationships Among the Gender Consciousness, Social Support, and Wellbeing in Taiwan College Female Athletes abstract: The purpose of this research was to understand the cognition of female college athletes on gender consciousness and social support, which will contribute to the wellbeing of college female athletes. The research recruited 332 female college athletes were recruited as research participants. This research compiled a questionnaire suitable for the research topic, including gender consciousness scale, social support scale, and wellbeing scale. Use structural equation modeling to analyze the correlation and influence of various variables. The results showed that their experience as an athlete were mostly 5 to 7 years. The correlation of female college athletes was highest between their peer support and goal of life (r = .58). The more support they received from their peers, the more they could affirm their life goals and wellbeing. The gender consciousness of college female athletes is significantly correlation to wellbeing (γ11 = .71), social support is significantly correlation to wellbeing (γ21 = .83), and gender consciousness has significant influence to social support (β21 = .57). In addition, the correlation between gender consciousness and stereotypes is the strongest λ = .78, the correlation between social support and peer support is the strongest λ = .91, and the correlation between wellbeing and self-identification is the strongest λ = .83. This study concluded that the existing sports environment provides opportunity for female athletes. Female college athletes have gender consciousness regarding self-assurance and stereotype, and they receive support from peers and family in sports groups. These are conducive to their performance and their sense of wellbeing in life.

Interventions to Improve Body Composition, Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Balance Ability of Older Female Adults: An Intervention Study

title: Interventions to Improve Body Composition, Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Balance Ability of Older Female Adults: An Intervention Study abstract: The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program on the changes observed in the body composition, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, as well as balance in elderly female adults in order to evaluate sarcopenia. In this study, 30 healthy elderly females were recruited and were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group engaged in a moderate-intensity physical activity program twice a week for 8 weeks. Using a body composition analyzer, the senior fitness test, and handgrip strength and gait speed tests, all participants were tested in pre- and post-tests. The results of the study revealed changes in the overall body composition in the experimental group, with significant decreases in body mass index, body fat percentage, and body fat mass and substantial increases in the basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass, while the upper and lower extremity muscle strength and balance ability also showed significant improvements. The moderate-intensity physical activity program also increased upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb gait speed, showing that the plan was able to effectively evaluate sarcopenia. The study concluded that using upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb walking speed to evaluate sarcopenia are useful diagnostic tools. Moderate-intensity physical activity is effective for improving muscle strength and reducing sarcopenia.

臺灣大學校院一般體育課程內容之探討

title: 臺灣大學校院一般體育課程內容之探討 abstract: 本文旨在瞭解臺灣地區大學校院一般體育課程實施情形。經簡易問卷蒐集及分析後，現今大學體育現況為一、體育組織校內一級單位占 63% 居多，二級單位體育組織多數隸屬於學務處；二、大學體育課從 94 學年以三年必修居多，逐年下降至 103 年以二年必修為主；三、開課類別仍以競技運動類項目占最多，惟健康體適能類大幅提升；四、各校體育組織功能完善，學校行政體系仍支持體育相關發展，能定期辦理相關體育活動，經費亦充足；五、學校經費逐年縮編，影響運動場地設施設備之更新與維護，私立學校師資人力減縮，體育課程面臨專業師資不足現象，值得關注。

臺灣中小學體育課中舞蹈教育之現況：以批判論述分析

title: 臺灣中小學體育課中舞蹈教育之現況：以批判論述分析 abstract: 緒論：我國體育課多年流於「競技導向」的技巧與訓練，著重運動技能訓練，隨著九年一貫的教育改革浪潮直至目前即將實施十二年國民基本教育，學校體育教師開始著重體適能、身體活動等體育教學。儘管，舞蹈教育可帶給學生多方面的身體活動、協調性、情緒表達等等，可惜經過一連串教育改革，中、小學體育課程仍然缺乏舞蹈教育課程。因此，本研究運用批判論述分析的方法論，作為探究臺灣中小學舞蹈教育所面臨危機的可能影響因素。方法：本研究依據批判論述分析之方法論，透過文件分析法以及訪談法進行文本分析、過程分析以及脈絡分析，結果：本研究結果指出文本分析包含中小學舞蹈教育課程名稱與內容之起源、以舞蹈教育對基本能力與分段能力指標之解析；過程分析包含九年一貫課程綱要影響舞蹈教育課程的安排、師資對舞蹈教育之重要性，以及教科書一綱一本到一綱多本的開放；脈絡分析包含舞蹈教育在體育課中可轉化之功能、師資培育影響舞蹈教育進程。結論：一、舞蹈教育符合九年一貫健體領域基本理念與分段能力指標；二、九年一貫課程綱要去標準化，體育課教材開放，舞蹈教育課程、師資、教科書教材漸少；三、舞蹈教育的窘境，師資培育體系影響舞蹈教育發展。最後，本研究根據研究結果對未來舞蹈教育提出發展、執行、推動之研究建議。

Differences in the Lateral and Vertical Jump Performances of Elite Male Basketball Players—An Axial Stabilization Training Program

title: Differences in the Lateral and Vertical Jump Performances of Elite Male Basketball Players—An Axial Stabilization Training Program abstract: This study aimed to conduct a kinetic analysis of the lateral and vertical jumps of elite male basketball players through a 12-week axial stability training program to improve sports performance. Thirty elite Taiwanese male basketball players were openly recruited and divided into experimental groups and control groups. The experimental group conducted the test twice a week, a 12-week (24-session) axial stability training program intervention in total, and the control group only received general basketball training. A double-track force plate was used to measure lateral and vertical jumps in order to understand their dynamic parameters. Finally, a difference analysis between the post-test of lateral and vertical jumps was conducted. The results show that the axial stability training program affected the activation of the abdominal and lower limb extensor muscles and had a stabilizing effect on the muscles of the experimental group. When the participants conducted a lateral jump, they were able to stand firm within 1 s and take off instantly. The θ value of the T-PRF ranged from 60.7° to 68.6°. The post-test of the participants’ vertical jump showed that the kurtosis of the RFD was steeper, the time required for the RFD was shorter, the GRF and the duration of passage increased, and the experimental group was better than the control group in all post-tests. By comparing the two types of jumps, it was found that they had the vertical force in common. The main differences were in the reaction force of the leg strength, the jump distance and height, and the take-off angle.

Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem on the Relationship between Perfectionism and Creative Thinking among Collegiate Dancers

title: Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem on the Relationship between Perfectionism and Creative Thinking among Collegiate Dancers abstract: Social cognitive theory has supported the view that perfectionism can be a hindrance to creativity, and also considers self-esteem to have a moderating effect on their relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between perfectionism and creativity in college dancers. Two hundred and sixty-six college dance students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale of Frost, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the New Test of Creative Thinking. The moderating effect was tested with a four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Bivariate analyses showed that creative thinking was, as a dependent variable, significantly related to multidimensional perfectionism and self-esteem in college dancers. Additionally, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that self-esteem moderated the association between multidimensional perfectionism and creative thinking after controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics. It can thus be concluded that self-esteem might regulate the positive effect of multidimensional perfectionism on creative thinking. Professional dance instructors who are working with perfectionist dancers should, therefore, seek ways to improve dancers’ self-esteem as one of the strategies to improve their creative thinking.

Interaction of mindfulness disposition and instructional self-talk on motor performance: a laboratory exploration

title: Interaction of mindfulness disposition and instructional self-talk on motor performance: a laboratory exploration abstract: In considering that high mindfulness disposition individuals possess a unique ability to maintain attention and awareness, and attention is one of the key mechanisms of instructional self-talk, the purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of mindfulness disposition and instructional self-talk on motor performance. Forty-nine college students (M age = 18.96 ± 1.08) with high/low mindfulness disposition (high n = 23; low n = 26) selected out of 126 college students performed a discrete motor task (standing long jump) and a continuous motor task (line tracking task) under instructional and unrelated self-talk conditions. Two separate 2 (self-talk type) X 2 (high/low mindfulness) mixed design ANOVA statistical analyses indicated that mindfulness disposition interacted with unrelated self-talk in the line tracking task. Specifically, low mindfulness participants performed poorer than high mindfulness participants in line tracking task under unrelated self-talk. Further, participants performed better in both standing long jump and line tracking under instructional self-talk than unrelated self-talk. Results not only revealed the triangular relationships among mindfulness, self-talk, and motor performance but also indirectly support the role of attention in self-talk effectiveness. Limitations, future research directions, and practical implications were discussed.

體育課融入認知與執行功能的概念：提升過重／肥胖兒童學習效果

title: 體育課融入認知與執行功能的概念：提升過重／肥胖兒童學習效果 abstract: 肥胖是 21 世紀全球公共衛生議題的焦點，臺灣是肥胖的高風險國家，肥胖對於兒童身體的健康與認知執行功能有諸多負面的影響，體育課可以讓過重／肥胖兒童有規律的運動時間，因此，本文旨在體育課融入認知與執行功能的概念對於過重／肥胖孩童學習效果之影響。在回顧相關文獻，分析結果發現過重／肥胖兒童與體適能較差兒童在閱讀、數學、語言表現皆低於標準值，過重／肥胖會影響學童學習效果與認知表現，兒童時期是關鍵的發展期，應給予適當的刺激將有助於認知功能的發展。肥胖對於認知與執行功能都存在著負面效益，而過重／肥胖兒童具有高體適能者對執行功能則有較佳的表現，另外，體育課融入認知與執行功能元素的課程，將有助於過重／肥胖孩童的學習效果。本文建議增加過重／肥胖孩童運動量或提高身體適能，能提升過重／肥胖兒童在學校的學習效果及課業表現。教師可在體育課安排較具認知挑戰性的課程，例如網球、籃球、足球、競技疊杯等活動，皆可以提升學童認知與執行功能和提升學習效果。

Smart Campus Innovative Learning Model for Social Practitioners of Universities’ Third Mission: To Promote Good Health and Well-Being

title: Smart Campus Innovative Learning Model for Social Practitioners of Universities’ Third Mission: To Promote Good Health and Well-Being abstract: Currently, smart campuses represent the main development trend for higher education in Taiwan. The campus is transitioning toward digitization and dataization, which are key factors and important parameters for campus technology improvement. At the same time, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has pointed out that the third mission of higher education is university social responsibility (USR). It has also clearly stated that higher education should not ignore the major issues of sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ understanding and attitudes toward the use of a “digital innovative health platform”, as well as a digital platform to lead participation in community “action plans”. Finally, it aimed to understand the connection between the “digital innovative health platform and action plan” in order to ensure the fulfilment of social responsibility and promote good health and well-being. This study sampled 400 students for a questionnaire survey and invited five student union representatives and one platform information center expert to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviewing. The results of this study indicated that the participants believed that digital platforms could highlight the importance of social responsibility and provide community service opportunities. Female students mainly focused on community “health services (health examinations and lectures)”, while male students mainly focused on “fitness activities”. This digital platform cultivates students’ knowledge and skills, and incorporates them into the community service system to allow students to participate in community activities independently. At the same time, students fulfill their social responsibility through actual services to promote good health and well-being.

Health-Promoting Benefits of Exercise Awareness and Exercise Behavior in Older Adults: An Exercise Program Intervention

title: Health-Promoting Benefits of Exercise Awareness and Exercise Behavior in Older Adults: An Exercise Program Intervention abstract: The purpose of this study was to use the aerobic exercise program as an intervention to understand exercise awareness and exercise behavior in older adults and to predict health promotion. This study recruited 120 healthy older adults (60 males and 60 females) over 65 years old (average male age 72.15 ± 3.53 years, female average age 71.64 ± 3.97 years), males and females were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and the control group (30 males, 30 females). The experimental group underwent an “aerobic fitness exercise program” for 8 week, while the control group underwent 8 weeks of daily life. All participants were first surveyed on background variables. At the beginning and end of the experiment, the experimental group and control group of males and females had to undergo the senior fitness test (SFT), the Elderly Exercise Awareness and Exercise Behavior Scale (EAEBI) and the Elderly Health Promotion Inventory (HPI) survey. The results of the study showed that male Cohen’s d = .326, and female Cohen’s d = .371, both showed small effects; related power analysis male effect size (es) = 0.2, female effect size (es) = 0.1, showed that the participants were homogeneous, the mean ages of males and females of the Q-Q plot showed normality. The SFT analysis of the experimental group and the control group found that Int-2, Int-1, Con-1, and Con-2 were significantly different between males and females. The EAEBI scale analysis found that the male experimental group had the largest difference in awareness effect (F = 9.47, p < .05), and the female experimental group had the largest difference in exercise cognition (F = 11.35, p < .05). HPI scale analysis found that the male experimental group had the largest difference in physical activity (F = 14.83, p < .05), and the female experimental group had the largest difference in social support (F = 13.19, p < .05). Finally, the intervention measures of aerobic fitness exercise program could positively affect the exercise perceived and exercise behavior of the older adults, and had positive effects on health promotion. This study has practical significance for an aging society. Promoting health through regular exercise can also reduce medical resources, which is the subject of effective preventive medicine.

Interventions for Body Composition and Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength in Older Adults in Rural Taiwan: A Horizontal Case Study

title: Interventions for Body Composition and Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength in Older Adults in Rural Taiwan: A Horizontal Case Study abstract: The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of a physical activity program and high-protein supplementation on body composition and upper and lower extremity muscle strength in male older adults in rural areas. In this study, 60 healthy male older adults (mean age 77.5 ± 4.6 years) from rural areas were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental group A (intervention of the physical activity program and high-protein supplementation), experimental group B (daily routine, with only intervention of high-protein supplementation), or control group C (daily routine). Experimental group A (EGa) carried out a physical activity plan three times a week, with an exercise intensity and calorie consumption of 250 kcal (5METs × ⅔hr × 75) for 3 months and drank a high-protein supplement (1.3 g/kg BW/day) after each exercise; experimental group B (EGb) followed only the intervention of high-protein supplementation. All the participants underwent pre- and post-tests for body composition, waist–hip circumference (WC, HC), handgrip strength (HS), 30 s dominant arm curl, 30 s sit to stand, and 2 min step tests. The results of the study showed that EGa significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), WC, HC, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and increased basal metabolic rate and muscle mass. Although both EGa and EGb used high-protein supplementation, EGa’s added three-month intervention of a physical activity program made it easier for that group to increase muscle mass and muscle strength. The WHR decreased from 1.015 to 0.931, representing a decrease of 8.28%, and an obvious weight loss effect was achieved. Thus, we concluded that the best way to maintain muscle strength in older adults is through physical activity with resistance and protein supplementation, which can reduce muscle loss in older adults.